Permutation tests based on distances among multivariate observations have found many applications in the biological sciences. Two major testing frameworks of this kind are multiresponse permutation procedures and pseudo-F tests arising from a distance-based extension of multivariate analysis of variance. In this article, we derive conditions under which these two frameworks are equivalent. The ...

background and objective: lactobacillus plantarum is one of the probiotics species used in functional food products. these bacteria or their purified bacteriocins are used as biological preservatives in the food industry. the first step in production of an array of probiotic products is optimizing production in fermentors. this study aimed to examine factors affecting the in vitro growth optimi...

the world is facing severe challenges in meeting the rapidly growing demand for water resources. in addition,irrigation water which is the largest use of water in most developing countries and arid and semi arid regions, will likelyhave to be diverted increasingly to meet the needs of the households in urban areas and industry sectors whilst remaining aprime engine of agricultural growth. a lin...

the optimization of process conditions for the degradation of acid blue 193 by uv/peroxydisulfate was investigated using response surface methodology (rsm). the effects of four parameters namely initial k2s2o8 concentration, uv irradiation, temperature, and initial dye concentration on two process responses, color removal and the rate constants of the first-order kinetic equations, were investi...

in this study, we investigated the effects of osmotic process with or without ultrasound on solid gain (sg) and water loss (wl) of cranberries. response surface methodology was used to model and determine the optimum processing conditions for wl and sg during osmotic dehydration of samples. sucrose (40-60%) and salt (0-8%) concentrations, temperature (30-50°c) and frequency of ultrasound (0-130...

vanadium phosphorus oxides (vpo) has been applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in gas phase oxidation reactions and its application is very limited in liquid phase. in this study a series of cobalt-doped vanadium phosphorus oxides (vpo-co) catalysts with different loading of co (0.01-1.0 mol ratio of co/v) were prepared. oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied in the liquid phase over vpo and vp...