Several types of ASK multiport homodyne receivers are investigated, and the impact of the phase noise and of the shot noise on these receivers is analyzed. The simplest structure is the conventional multiport receiver with a matched filter in each branch. This structure can tolerate AvT (Av is the laser linewidth and T is the bit duration) of several percent with a small power penalty (3.6 perc...

In this paper, a stochastic approach is proposed for reliability assessment of bidirectional DC-DC converters, including the fault-tolerant ones. This type of converters can be used in a smart DC grid, feeding DC loads such as home appliances and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The reliability of bidirectional DC-DC converters is of such an importance, due to the key role of the expec...

BACKGROUND Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) offers cosmetic benefits and may represent further progress towards reducing the invasiveness of surgical interventions. We report our initial experience with LESS totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal herniorrhaphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Beginning March 2009, we transitioned from a multiport laparoscopic TEP (MLH) technique to a single-...

With the growing interest in owning electric vehicles due to increased environmental awareness and uncertain energy security together with development of Li-ion batteries, quietness, trouble-free operation, it is urgent develop charging stations that are fast enough supply conveniently, as case conventional petrol stations. The main reason hinders spread installation cost, comprising infrastruc...

the aim of this paper is to design a fractional order sliding mode controllers (fosmc)for a class of dc-dc converters such as boost and buck converters. firstly, the control lawis designed with respect to the properties of fractional calculus, the design yields an equiv-alent control term with an addition of discontinuous (attractive) control law. secondly, themathematical proof of the stabilit...