Although studies on pragmatics in general and politeness in particular abound in the literature, impoliteness has been largely ignored. In the present study, participants filled out either the Persian or English version of a discourse completion test (DCT). The researchers analyzed collected answers to discover the relationship between impoliteness and power. Furthermore, the researchers compar...

It is sometimes claimed (cf. that discourse has a tree structure which reeects the semantic structure of discourse. In this paper, I argue that this claim is problematic in cases of discourse multiple dependencies i.e. cases where one discourse segment is semantically related to two discourse segments. I develop a discourse framework which is based on Scha/Polanyi 1988] but integrates ideas fro...

This quasi-experimental study aimed to compare the effect of different modes and item types of multiple-choice (MC) test items on advanced EFL learners’ listening comprehension and perception. To this end, 80 advanced EFL learners, aging 18 to 30, were selected. The participants took a listening test including dialogue-completion and question and answer multiple-choice items presented in writte...

The present study, on the one hand, attempted to investigate the strategies applied in dispreferred responses by Iranian university students of English and the extent to which pragmatic transfer could occur.  On the other hand, the study aimed to probe into the association between dispreferred organization and turn-shape. To this end, 31 relevant naturally occurring conversations, totaling 120 ...

A sizeable body of research into instructed pragmatics roots from the noticing hypothesis: comparing im- plicit and explicit instruction. It is only recently that other theories, including the output hypothesis, have been researched as possible explanations of interlanguage pragmatic development. Pursuing the same line of research, the present study addressed the impact of collaborative o...

although studies on pragmatics in general and politeness in particular abound in the literature, impoliteness has been largely ignored. in the present study, participants filled out either the persian or english version of a discourse completion test (dct). the researchers analyzed collected answers to discover the relationship between impoliteness and power. furthermore, the researchers compar...

Promoting the sustainable development of rural EFL students’ English ability is a vital issue in general curriculum guidelines Taiwan’s 12-Year Basic Education. This study aimed to investigate effects Facebook project on developing learners’ email literacy English. There were two participant groups: (1) six university majors and (2) 12 ninth-graders from junior high school. The instruments incl...

We theorize a two-mind model of design thinking. Mind 1 is about logical design reasoning, and Mind 2 is about the reflection on our reasoning and judgments. The problem solving ability of Mind 1 has often been emphasized in software engineering. The reflective Mind 2, however, has not received much attention. In this study, we want to find out if Mind 2, or reflection, can improve design disco...