to improve the quality of the mcqs, a supervising feedback strategy between the examination constructors and the educational development office of the school of traditional medicine was performed to evaluate the content validity and designation of the course items of the phytotherapy exam for phd students of traditional pharmacy. the efforts resulted in a well-constructed examination.

Giving animals their preferred items (e.g., environmental enrichment) has been suggested as a method to improve animal welfare, thus raising the question of how to determine what animals want. Most studies have employed choice tests for detecting animal preferences. However, whether choice tests represent animal preferences remains a matter of controversy. Here, we present a history-based metho...

Identifying effective methods of assessment and developing robust assessments are key areas research in chemistry education. This is needed to evaluate instructional innovations cur...

reading comprehension ability consists of multiple cognitive processes, and cloze tests have long been claimed to measure this ability as a whole. however, since the introduction of cloze test, different varieties of it have been proposed by the testers. thus, the present study was an attempt to examine the relatedness of cloze-elide test, multiple-choice (mc) cloze test, and c-test as three di...