Pregnant women with respiratory problems pose a special challenge. Pregnancy alters lung function and the natural history of common pulmonary disorders. Respiratory problems in pregnancy must be approached with an understanding of the unique, inter-dependent physiologic and psychological status of mother and fetus.

Anatomy and Physiology The avian respiratory tract is substantially different and much more efficient compared to mammals. The upper respiratory tract in birds is characterized by an extensive infraorbital sinus, a choana, and a larynx that is lacking an epiglottis. In addition, the larynx is not used for voice production in birds; instead, this occurs in the syrinx. The trachea in birds is com...

The obesity epidemic is a global problem, which is set to increase over time. However, the effects of obesity on the respiratory system are often underappreciated. In this review, we will discuss the mechanical effects of obesity on lung physiology and the function of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ producing systemic inflammation and effecting central respiratory control. Obesity plays a ...

background: workers in cotton industry are occupationally exposed to various dust-related hazards. the nature of these agents and the respective exposure levels depend on the cotton industry specific sector. these exposures could be associated with respiratory symptoms and changes in lung function parameters. objective: to evaluate associations between occupational exposure and respiratory func...