Abstract This paper introduces the Hierarchical Multi-Switch Multi-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem, a new variant of well-known Problem. It is real-world problem originating from policies Nordic distribution company. The includes single depot, non-predetermined hierarchy intermediate facilities, and two different fleets, consisting homogeneous original local vehicles, which are pulling swap-bod...

Simulation-based training is using increasingly complex synthetic forces. As more complex multiechelon synthetic forces are employed in simulations, the need for a realistic model of their command and control behavior becomes more urgent. In this paper we discuss one key component of such a model, the autonomous generation and use of priority intelligence requirements within multi-echelon plans.

We consider multi-echelon supply chains, typically consisting of retailer, distributor, manufacturer, etc. The inventory of each actor is subject to its own delay in delivery time, and each chooses its own inventory replenishment strategy. We model this interaction with a system of linear differential delay equations. When put in matrix form the system is triangular and we derive an exact solut...

This paper presents a method for modelling the dynamic behaviour of food supply chains and evaluating alternative designs of the supply chain by applying discrete-event simulation. The modelling method is based on the concepts of business processes, design variables at strategic and operational levels, performance indicators, and business entities, as these concepts allow relevant aspects of a ...

We consider an M/G/∞ exchangeable-item repair system with spares and ample servers to which arriving customers bring failed items for repair. The system comprises a multi-item-type, multiechelon system in which failed items may be either repaired at the first echelon or sent for repair in higher echelons. To decrease the average waiting time of a random customer, managers can invest in multiple...

We consider an M/G/∞ exchangeable-item repair system with spares and ample servers to which arriving customers bring groups of random size B identical items for repair. An exact formula for the waiting time distribution and a computationally efficient approximation are presented for this system. From this, we not only have the standard fillrate, but a practical extension of this concept to a 'f...

This paper aims to compare a two-echelon and a single-echelon distribution system. A mathematical model for the Single-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (SE-CVRP) is proposed. This SE-CVRP is the counterpart of Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-CVRP) introduced in the authors’ previous work. The proposed mathematical model is Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MIN...