OBJECTIVES To determine whether pan-protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant virus populations are composed predominantly of viruses with resistance to all PIs or of diverse virus populations with resistance to different subsets of PIs. METHODS We performed deep sequencing of plasma virus samples from nine patients with high-level genotypic and/or phenotypic resistance to all licensed PIs. The nine ...

In the linear regression models with AR (1) error structure when collinearity exists, stochastic linear restrictions or modifications of biased estimators (including Liu estimators) can be used to reduce the estimated variance of the regression coefficients estimates. In this paper, the combination of the biased Liu estimator and stochastic linear restrictions estimator is considered to overcom...

Abstract In this paper, an improved ridge type estimator is introduced to overcome the effect of multi-collinearity in logistic regression. The proposed called a modified almost unbiased estimator. It obtained by combining and order asses superiority over existing estimators, theoretical comparisons based on mean square error scalar criterion are presented. A Monte Carlo simulation study carrie...

Spatial arrangement has been shown to facilitate both detection of a threshold target by collinear flankers and detection of smooth chains within random arrays of suprathreshold elements. Here, we investigate the effect of alignment between texture elements on orientation-based texture segmentation. Textures composed of Gabor elements were used in a figure-discrimination task. The degree of col...

Many studies have reported reference data for forced oscillation technique (FOT) in healthy children. The prediction equation of FOT parameters were derived from a multivariable regression model examining the effect of age, gender, weight and height on each parameter. As many of these variables are likely to be correlated, collinearity might have affected the accuracy of the model, potentially ...

BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been a major environmental health concern because of their wide distribution and persistence in the environment. Estimating joint effects of all congeners in a single analysis is complicated by correlation among exposure levels, and the resulting collinearity makes the results difficult to interpret. METHODS Patients with breast-related surgery ...

BACKGROUND Species distribution models are often used to characterize a species' native range climate, so as to identify sites elsewhere in the world that may be climatically similar and therefore at risk of invasion by the species. This endeavor provoked intense public controversy over recent attempts to model areas at risk of invasion by the Indian Python (Python molurus). We evaluated a numb...

This study addresses a fundamental, yet overlooked, gap between standard theory and empirical modelling practices in the OLS regression model y=Xβ+u with collinearity. In fact, while an estimated practice is desired to have stability efficiency its “individual estimates”, y itself has no capacity identify control collinearity X hence including selection process (MSP) would fill this unless cont...

In this contribution we firstly review some approaches to recover the 3D shape of human figures and the related movements. Then we present an improved and reliable version of an easy approach to recover 3D model of humans using just one frame or a monocular video sequence. A simplification of the camera model based on the collinearity condition is required, due to the absence of stereo view. Th...

Automatic determination of three dimensional information from digital images is a fundamental problem in digital photogrammetry and computer vision. The hardest part of the problem is finding conjugate points in two images. Despite the wealth of information contained in digital images, factors such as occlusion and discontinuity weaken several matching algorithms. However, image matching using ...