This work has been supported financially by the National Science Foundation (SBR-9510985) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. I am grateful to Joshua S, White for excellent research assistance. I have benefitted from conversations with Robert Barre, Roland Benabou, Olivier Blanchard, Casey Mulligan, Richard Zeckhauser and seminar participants at Boston College, Dartmouth, Harvard, Johns Hopkins...

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The thing in question is aptly called a truthmaker. To date, no one really knows what such a thing may be. In the 1980s three seminal publications appeared, which put truthmakers and truthmaking at center stage. These were the 1984 paper ‘Truth-Makers’, by Kevin Mulligan, Peter Simons, and Barry Smith; the 1987 paper ‘Truthmaker’ by John Fox; and the 1988 discussion of truthmakers by John Bigel...

A version of this paper was given as the 2008 Economica Phillips Lecture at LSE on February 7, 2008. I thank Francesco Caselli and other participants in that event for their comments. I am also grateful for conversations with Fernando Alvarez, Jess Benhabib, Francisco Buera, Jonathan Eaton, James Heckman, Boyan Jovanovic, Sam Kortum, Cassey Mulligan, and Nancy Stokey, and for the assistance and...

Location-based services, navigation applications, emergency services, management of equipment in the field, and other location-dependent services need geographic location information about a target (user, resource or other entity). There is a need to securely gather and transfer location information for location services, protecting the privacy of the individuals involved. This document describ...

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