This paper opens the ‘black box’ of endogenous political legitimacy and asks what role, if any, did political legitimacy play in the process rendering England the first modern economy, a colonial Empire and an exemplary democracy? Legitimacy entails obedience based on the moral obligation to follow the authority, and public displays of support from legitimizing agents increase legitimacy. Altho...

Hakim Ali Gilani was a native of Gilan. He was a distinguished physician and medical writer. He wrote commentary on canon of Avicenna. He came to India during Akbar's time and served two Mughal rulers, Akbar and Jahangir. He was praised very much by the medical historians for his vast knowledge, curiosity and intelligence. A brief account of his achievements has been given in this article.

Several arguments have been forwarded for the stagnation of Ayurveda, and most of these focus on the discrimination that Ayurveda faces under Mughal and then under British rule. Even for Ancient India, the halcyon portrait of Ayurveda synergetically related with religion and politics during the period, as has been portrayed in many books of history and in countless lores, is false. This paper t...

With our current positions both in Singapore and the United States, my husband, Edward Holmes, and I have had the opportunity to work on projects spanning the globe, from the US to Europe to the Middle East. This has given us a valuable perspective on the US from multiple international points of view. We now have a much better ability to assess where the United States stands today and the traje...

i Spanning the globe, the British Empire was a political entity unlike any the world has ever seen and its decolonization was truly a global phenomenon to match. Beginning in 1931 and lasting through much of the twentieth century, the British Empire steadily began to grant self-government and full autonomy to its member states, releasing " forty-nine territories ... in the years 1947-80 " alone...

Historic buildings have their own specialized and traditional techniques used in their construction. These are not generally practiced in modern buildings. Working with stone is very technical, laborious and time consuming job. It needs sensitivity and perfection both at workers 8and supervisor level. It is required to prepare different stone members in exactly the same size, proportion and des...

In Games of Empire, Nick Dyer-Witheford and Greig de Peuter expand an earlier study of “the video game industry as an aspect of an emerging postindustrial, post-Fordist capitalism” (xxix) to argue that videogames are “exemplary media of Empire” (xxix). Their notion of “Empire” is based on Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s Empire (2000), which characterizes the contemporary world order as a dece...

A B S T R ACT. During the East India Company’s rule of India, Britons observed the pervasiveness of elephants in local modes of warfare, hunting, trade, and religious symbolism. The colonizers appropriated this knowledge about elephants : for instance, in the taking-over of Mughal trade routes or Tipu Sultan’s stables. What Indians knew about the elephant also fed into a metropolitan culture of...

Introduction: After Independence, the managers of the Indian economy took very cautious steps. They found the world sharply divided into two blocs: the one led by the capitalist economies (the US in particular) and other led by the communist economies, primarily the then USSR. There was a cold war between these two blocs. Lessdeveloped economies had no option than to join either of the two and ...