The technique of megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV CBCT) is available for image-guided radiation therapy to improve the accuracy of patient setup and tumor localization. However, development of strategies to efficiently and effectively implement this technique or to replace the current orthogonal portal images technique remains challenging in the clinical environment. It is useful t...

In many radiotherapy clinics an independent verification of the number of monitor units (MU) used to deliver the prescribed dose to the target volume is performed prior to the treatment start. Traditionally this has been done by using methods mainly based on empirical factors which, at least to some extent, try to separate the influence from input parameters such as field size, depth, distance,...

The improvement in conformal radiotherapy techniques enables us to achieve steep dose gradients around the target which allows the delivery of higher doses to a tumor volume while maintaining the sparing of surrounding normal tissue. One of the reasons for this improvement was the implementation of intensity-modulated radio therapy (IMRT) by using linear accelerators fitted with multi-leaf coll...

among the most important jewish encounters with other cultures and civilizations, the encounter with islamic culture was, in our view, the most important. this encounter was in some aspects like their encounter with the ancient civilization, but the impacts were more valuable and constructive. under islamic rule, the jews not only had a sense of security but also enjoyed a relatively satisfacto...

The symmetric λμ-calculus is the λμ-calculus introduced by Parigot in which the reduction rule μ, which is the symmetric of μ, is added. We give examples explaining why the technique using the usual candidates of reducibility does not work. We also prove a standardization theorem for this calculus.