In MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) over optical networks, both the optical level and the MPLS level fault recovery can be considered. Generally, a more flexible path arrangement can be realized by the MPLS level recovery, while fast recovery can be achieved by the optical level recovery. When the optical level recovery is adopted, only normal traffic is carried through the working lightpa...

The present study focused on the degree of tissue injury following single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) and multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPLS) for the treatment of various benign gynecologic diseases. A total of 228 patients were prospectively enrolled at seven academic centers in South Korea between April 2011 and September 2012. Of these, 122 patients underwent SPLS and 106 patients und...

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) have undertaken a joint effort to standardize a new transport profile for the multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) technology that is intended to provide the basis for the next generation packet transport network. The fundamental idea of this activity...

This chapter is devoted to Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) designed with Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) [14, 15, 1], one of the most elusive protocols of the network stack. Saying that MPLS is “elusive” is not overemphasizing: starting from its arduous fitting within the ISO/OSI protocol stack, continuing with its entangled relationships with several other routing and forwarding protocol...

In this paper an IP based network consisting of two separate networks - a virtual one, running MPLS and experimental network, connected to the have been studied. VoIP traffic is exchanged between networks. Both are Internet exchange with it. The created by using GNS3. purpose show comparison in performance addition, mathematical distributions approximations made be used further evaluate methodo...

Procedures and protocol mechanisms to enable efficient and accurate measurement of packet loss, delay, and throughput in MPLS networks are defined in RFC 6374. The MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is the set of MPLS protocol functions applicable to the construction and operation of packet-switched transport networks. This document describes a profile of the general MPLS loss, delay, and through...

the current internet inherently has a degree of survivability due to the connection less ip protocol. dynamic routing protocols are designed to react to faults by changing routes when routers learn about topology changes via routing information updates (e.g., link status advertisements). loss of quality of service (qos) has not been an issue because current internet traffic is the best-effort. ...

This document describes the applicability of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to traffic engineering in IP networks. Special considerations for deployment of MPLS for traffic engineering in operational contexts are discussed and the limitations of the MPLS approach to traffic engineering are highlighted. Boyle, et al. Informational [Page 1] RFC 3346 Applicability Statement for Traffic Engin...

Objective: This study was performed to determine the relationship between cancer patients' level of meaning life and self-efficacy in coping with cancer, factors impacting this relation.
 Materials Methods: The sample cross-sectional consisted 177 adult patients hospitalized Medical Oncology Clinic. data were collected using Personal Information Form, Meaning Purpose Life Scale (MPLS), Can...