OBJECTIVES Prescription rates of methylphenidate (MPH) are sharply rising in most Western countries. Although it has been reported that MPH has abuse potential, little is known about the prevalence of intravenous (IV) abuse of MPH. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of IV MPH abuse among treatment-seeking IV substance abusers in Iceland. METHODS This is a descriptive popul...

Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly prescribed for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is similar to cocaine in that it inhibits the dopamine transporter to elevate extracellular dopamine levels and has reinforcing effects. As ADHD diagnoses have increased, MPH abuse has increased as well. There is evidence that DA antagonists such as Clozapine may be effective in mitigating cocai...

A comparative study of the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the d-threo enantiomers of methylphenidate (MPH), para-bromomethylphenidate (p-Br MPH), and para-methoxymethylphenidate (p-OCH3 MPH) was conducted in rats after i.p. administration of a 37 micromol/kg dose. The plasma kinetic data was fit to a two-compartment model with absorption and lag time as well as evaluated by ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the methylphenidate (MPH) response rate among childhood survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and brain tumors (BTs) and to identify predictors of positive MPH response. METHODS Cancer survivors (N = 106; BT = 51 and ALL = 55) identified as having attention deficits and learning problems participated in a 3-week, double-blind, crossover trial consisting of p...

Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJI) Michael A. Lane, MD, MSc; Carey-Ann Burnham, PhD; Alice P. Gu, MPH; Neeraja Ganeshraj, MPH; Qian Liu, MPH; Shadi Parsaei, DO; David K. Warren, MD, MPH, FIDSA, FSHEA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Pediatrics, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St ...

The Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch) is a reliable neuropsychological assessment of attention control in children. Methylphenidate (MPH) is an effective treatment to improve attentional difficulties in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies investigating the effects of MPH on attention performance of children with ADHD have produced mixed...

A previously presented physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for immediate release (IR) methylphenidate (MPH) was extended to characterize the pharmacokinetic behaviors of oral extended release (ER) MPH formulations in adults for the first time. Information on the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, together with the biopharmaceutical properties of MPH, was integrat...

INTRODUCTION Since Ritalin (methylphenidate immediate-release or MPH IR) was first marketed in 1955, it has been a mainstay of treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). AREAS COVERED The postulated mechanism of action, adverse events and efficacy of MPH are examined. MPH formulations that are currently on the market in the United States and those that will soon be availab...

BACKGROUND Although stimulant therapy is commonly discontinued early in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the factors that contribute to continuity of stimulant therapy remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To (1) compare the continuity of methylphenidate (MPH) therapy among adults who use immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-MPH) for ADHD with adults who use extended-...