BACKGROUND Retention of mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask and mouth-to-face shield ventilation techniques is poorly understood. METHODS A prospective randomised clinical trial was undertaken in January 2004 in 70 candidates randomly assigned to training in mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask or mouth-to-face shield ventilation. Each candidate was trained for 10 min, after which tidal volume, respirator...

This study aimed to discuss some inborn and acquired changes in the oral cavity young children under three years of age. Based on current literature, eruption cyst, Riga-Fede disease, natal neonatal teeth, congenital epulis, Epstein pearls, Bohn’s nodules, gingival cyst newborns have been described. The symptoms, clinical presentation, histological features these changes, their epidemiology, pr...

statement of the problem burning mouth syndrome (bms) is a condition presented with burning sensation without any pathologic changes of oral mucosa. since there are no accurate diagnostic criteria and because symptoms are so variable the studies have shown different prevalence. limited studies have been performed to estimate prevalence, of bms in iran and worldwide. purpose this research was co...

esophageal melanocytosis is a rare and benign condition, characterized by melanocytic proliferation of the esophageal squamous epithelium with heavy melanin deposition. the etiology and pathogenesis has not been exactly known but it seems to be a chronic stimulus such as gastroesophageal reflux. this condition is very rare and about 35 cases have been reported so far, most of which have been fr...

conclusions we conclude that oral cancer is etiologically related to the interaction between smoking and drinking. results the smoking as well as alcohol drinking rates in the subjects of the case group were significantly higher than the controls. of smoking types, bidi (a hand rolled cigarette) (or = 4.1, 95% ci = 2.4-6.9), and among alcohol types, hard liquor (or = 2.6, 95% ci = 1. 4-6.4), cou...

iniencephaly is a rare kind of neural tube defect that is classified into two types of iniencephaly apertus and iniencephaly clausus. this anomaly could be diagnosed prenatally by obstetric ultrasonography and terminated by therapeutic abortion; however, it could be undiagnosed until birth similar to our case due to the abnormal position of the fetus or lack of experience of the sonographer. du...

nuchal translucency (nt) measurements in the first trimester screening between 11 and 14 weeks’ gestation are regarded as a clear marker for aneuploidies. the presence of a thickened nt, even if the karyotype is normal, can be associated with structural abnormalities. having an abnormal screening of nt, parents and physicians could face dilemma over abortion particularly in a case of ivf/icsi f...

extended abstract introduction zanjan has recently enjoyed considerable population and physical growth. the rapid irregular growth in population number caused unfavorable formation of informal settlement areas in the city. islamabad is of the largest informal accommodation regions in zanjan which was built as a consequence of massive rural migration during 1970s. although the area, at present,...