Relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) and pollen productivity for 11 key taxa characteristic of the pasture woodland landscape of the Jura Mountains, Switzerland, were estimated using pollen assemblages from moss polsters at 20 sites. To obtain robust pollen productivity estimates (PPEs), we used vegetation survey data at a fine spatial-resolution (1 9 1 m) and randomized locations for sampling...

While deforestation is a major environmental issue in the tropics, with thousands of hectares converted to agricultural land every year, Europe opposite trend observed, abandonment mountainous and semi-mountainous areas allowing afforestation former pastoral land. This allows semi-natural ecosystems recover after prolonged period exploitation often over-exploitation, but it may also lead signif...

Abstract Mountains are rugged structures in the landscape that difficult to delineate. Given they host an overproportional fraction of biodiversity high ecological and conservational value, conventions on what is mountainous not need. This short communication aims at explaining differences among various popular mountain definitions. Defining terrain key for global assessments plant species rich...

Landslides occur when the slope is composed of water-bearing and water-resistant rocks. Large blocks hard rocks (block landslides) individual can move. The speed landslides different. Some cover a distance about 100 m per year, others move much faster are dangerous natural phenomena that residential buildings outbuildings lead to human casualties. By origin, distinguished: seismogenic, caused b...

The mountainous areas of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula have undergone intense land abandonment. In this work, we wanted to determine if the abandonment of the rural areas was the main driver of landscape dynamics in Gerês–Xurés Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (NW Iberian Peninsula), or if other factors, such as wildfires and the land management were also directly affecting these spatio-tem...

This paper presented the design for innovative sprinklers mountainous area. Horticulturalists often faced difficulties in maintaining land landscape and chance of gaining more sustainable crops receded significantly. The study used an ethnographic approach to gained information from horticulturalists. From needs analysis, area was created. included automated system operated using mobile applica...