BACKGROUND Muleba district in North-western Tanzania has experienced malaria epidemics in recent years. Community knowledge, attitudes and practices are important in enhancing disease control interventions. This study investigated determinants of malaria epidemics in the study area in relation to household knowledge, attitudes and practice on malaria. METHODS A community based cross-sectional...

Malaria remains a public-health concern in Nigeria despite huge global investments in the production and distribution of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) to protect people from Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Information on the use of ITNs is needed for designing strategies for its effective use. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in communities from 3 geopolitical zones of Nigeria...

Long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) protect humans from malaria transmission and are fundamental to malaria control worldwide, but little is known of how mosquitoes interact with nets. Elucidating LLIN mode of action is essential to maintain or improve efficacy, an urgent need as emerging insecticide resistance threatens their future. Tracking multiple free-flying Anopheles gambiae respo...

Pyrethroid-treated bed-nets act against late-night biting mosquitoes, like traps baited by the body odor of the occupant. The personal protective effect of treated nets is considerable, even if they are torn. However, some biting of the occupants does occur, as shown by matching microsatellite alleles in mosquito blood meals to those of net occupants. When whole communities were provided with t...

In malaria endemic forested villages in Orissa State, India, a 3-year comparison of nylon nets treated with lambdacyhalothrin at 25 mg/m2, untreated nets, and no nets was carried out. Treated nets retained high insecticidal efficacy for more than 7 months. Nets washed after 3 months of use gave 98% kill in a bioassay with a 3-min exposure. Based on these bioassays during the first year, nets we...

Background: Malaria is a fatal, but preventable and curable parasitic disease that widespread in Africa. Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) are one of the most effective preventive methods. The aim this study was to analyze economic social determinants women’s demand for ITN Cameroon.

Textile materials treated with synthetic repellents have the potential to provide protection against insect disease vectors but lack the residual activity necessary to achieve a prolonged effect or to be cost-effective. DEET MC is a formulation of DEET (N,N diethyl-m-toluamide) in which the repellent is gradually released from a capsule that binds the repellent. An experiment carried out on DEE...

Mating disruption by sex pheromones is a sustainable, effective and widely used pest management scheme. A drawback of this technique is its challenging assessment of effectiveness in the field (e.g., spatial scale, pest density). The aim of this work was to facilitate the evaluation of field-deployed pheromone dispensers. We tested the suitability of small insect field cages for a pre-evaluatio...

INTRODUCTION Malaria still constitutes a serious public health problem in Nigeria despite control efforts. The use of Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) has been proven to be an effective preventive modality in the control of malaria but its utilisation has been shown to be low. This study assessed the ownership and utilisation of ITN in Igbo-Ora, a rural community in Ibarapa Central Local Governmen...