Mosquito behaviours including the degree to which they bite Background inside houses or outside is a crucial determinant of human exposure to malaria. Whilst seasonality in mosquito vector abundance is well documented, much less is known about the impact of climate on mosquito behaviour. We investigated how variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting by malaria vectors, and . Ano...

During blood feeding, mosquitoes inject saliva containing a mixture of molecules that inactivate or inhibit various components of the hemostatic response to the bite injury as well as the inflammatory reactions produced by the bite, to facilitate the ingestion of blood. However, the molecular functions of the individual saliva components remain largely unknown. Here, we describe anopheline anti...

During blood feeding, mosquitoes inject saliva containing a mixture of molecules that inactivate or inhibit various components of the hemostatic response to the bite injury as well as the inflammatory reactions produced by the bite, to facilitate the ingestion of blood. However, the molecular functions of the individual saliva components remain largely unknown. Here, we describe anopheline anti...

Despite the fact that feline allergic skin diseases are common conditions, our understanding of allergic skin diseases in cats have been growing very slowly compared to dogs. The most common allergic skin diseases in cats are flea allergy dermatitis, cutaneous adverse food reactions (food allergies) and atopic dermatitis. Others less common include mosquito bite hypersensitivity and contact der...

The West Nile virus (WNV) viremia and shedding profiles of 11 adult fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) infected by needle inoculation or mosquito bite were characterized. Daily mean titers (95% confidence intervals) for all squirrels on days 1 through 6 postexposure (p.e.) were: 10(1.7 (1.32.1)), 10(4.4 (4.04.8)), 10(5.3 (5.05.6)), 10(4.4 (3.94.9)), 10(2.7 (2.03.4)), and 10(1.1 (0.52.1)) plaque-form...

Mosquito behaviours including the degree to which they bite Background inside houses or outside is a crucial determinant of human exposure to malaria. Whilst seasonality in mosquito vector abundance is well documented, much less is known about the impact of climate on mosquito behaviour. We investigated how variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting by malaria vectors, and . Ano...

Methods Plant products were evaluated for repellency in a mosquito cage containing 250 bloodstarved female Ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions, by using the human-bait technique from the standard World Health Organization (WHO) method. DEET also was tested as a standard synthetic repellent with a similar protocol to that for the plant samples. Approximately 0.1 ml of each test sample was ap...

Mosquitoes are often referred to as the deadliest animals on Earth because of the devastating pathogens they are able to transmit when females bite and then feed on blood from human hosts (male mosquitoes don’t bite). In 2015 alone there were an estimated 212 million cases of malaria, resulting in 429,000 deaths (1). Approximately one-third of Earth’s population is considered at risk for infect...

Whether pathogens in the ingested blood meal can enter salivary glands of mosquitoes is a decisive factor disease transmission. Unlike known mosquito-borne (e.g. ZIKA, dengue, etc.), most human cannot mosquitoes, and their survival time inside mosquito usually short. Studies have reported that some species infected with certain developed lesions organs holes midgut). Therefore, which on own (PW...

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been advocated as an effective tool against malaria transmission. However, success of this community based intervention largely depends on the knowledge and practice regarding malaria and its prevention. According to the national strategy plan on evaluation of LLINs (Olyset nets), this study was conducted to determine the perceptions and practices abo...