Introduction The gestation length for the Old World camelids is 13 months. In all mammalian species the embryo starts life as a spherical clump of cells enclosed within a mucopolysaccharide coat, the zona pellucida, which is transparent, tough and elastic. The transformation from this stage (called a morula) to a blastocyst usually occurs soon after the embryo has reached the uterine lumen from...

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity has been assayed in frozen sections of preimplantation mouse embryos by an azo-dye cytochemical method. The results indicate that during preimplantation mouse development AP activity is first expressed between the 8- and 16-cell stages and develops in all cells by the late morula stage. During blastocyst formation AP activity is lost or greatly reduced in trop...

Cryopreservation and sexing of embryos are integrated into commercial embryo transfer technologies. To improve the effectiveness of vitrification of in vitro produced buffalo embryos, two experiments were conducted. The first evaluated the effect of exposure time (2 and 3 min) and developmental stage (morula and blastocysts) on the viability and development of vitrified buffalo embryos. Morphol...

background: progress achieved in culture media formulations have resulted led to an improvement in maintaining the mammalian embryo in culture throughout the preimplantation and pre-attachment period. objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of myo-inositol during in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes on subsequent embryo development. materi...

The induction of a frequent fusion in dissociated fish embryonic cells is reported. Fusion was induced during mechanical isolation of blastomeres in normal saline solution or Ca2+-free saline solution by quickly bringing about physical contact between cells within about 1-5 min of dissociation. Fused blastomeres were obtained in about 18% yield from early morula cells in about 68% yield from ea...

Background: Arresting in a certain step of development like two-cell stage could be one of the reasons of infertility. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of ethanol and strontium on growth and development of two-cell arrested mouse embryos. Materials and Methods: The females were coupled with male following superovulation. Positive vaginal plug mice were killed 48 hours after hCG i...

The present paper describes a new record of Morula anaxares (Kiener 1835) (Muricidae) from Goa, Central West coast of India aided by spiral cord ontogeny, aperture morphology of shell and SEM of radula. This species was previously reported from Andaman, Nicobar, Lakshadweep and Madras coasts. In addition, detailed structures of radula of other three species namely Orania subnodulosa (Melvill 18...