Introduction: due to importance of poverty reduction in reducing social problems, sustainable development of a country and increase of social welfare level or to detect qualified persons using welfare programs, to study the poverty phenomenon has to be studied This can help policy makers in poverty elimination. Method: we used the statistical data on household budgets for measuring povert...

this study was an attempt to investigate the effect of teaching meta cognitive strategies on iranian intermediate efl students speaking proficiency. in this study the researcher has employed metacognitive strategies taken from brown (2000) to teach speaking strategies to number of participants. the participants were intermediate students of shokouh language institute; they were divided into an ...

Introduction Nowadays, the importance of female's participation in the realization of development objectives is remarkable and in the absence of participations like this, there will be no way ahead of development. This is a matter of particular consideration in the rural and agricultural sectors which attracts attention as one of the essential factors contributing to the sustainable developm...

abstract tasks nowadays are at the center of attention in sla research. task types is one of the critical issues in this regard, their effectiveness and suitability to any particular context, their characteristics and the result they yield are among some of these issues. on the other hand, discourse markers (dms) have been very much investigated and their effectiveness in conveying the meaning...

‏‎the hypothesis is that recent and frequent exposure to lexical items leads to a more fluent production of speech in terms of rate of speech. to test the hypothesis,a one-way anova experimental design was carried out. 24 sednior students of efl participated in a one-way interview test. data analyses revealed that those who were exposed frequently to the lexical items over a week prior to inter...

abstract previous researches have shown success of growth hormones usage on flower production increase, pod and prevention of abscission of them in some of the pulses. two tests were done, in order to find out the effects of growth hormones to on flower production increase, pod and chick pea yield composites in farmer conditions (2010-11) and green house conditions as factorial on the proje...

writing an academic article requires the researchers to provide support for their works by learning how to cite the works of others. various studies regarding the analysis of citation in m.a theses have been done, while little work has been done on comparison of citations among elt scopus journal articles, and so the dearth of research in this area demands for further investigation into citatio...

  Following the success of the microcredit system in some rural areas in the world, Micro-credit schemes of funds for rural women in Iran was formed, one of the most common loans of them is interest-free loan funds. Due to the problems in the mentioned funds, In recent years a new species from Iran have been formed in rural areas based on informal networks and links that are different from con...