the subject matter of this article is not to determine the priority of reason to heart or privacy of rationality to love, but find out the answers to these questions: what is role of reason and rational knowledge in attaining mystical intuitive visions? how far does the horizon of rational knowledge extend from perspective of ibn arabi? given the fact that mysticism is arena for esoteric vision...

Interval fuzzy preference relations that can well cope with the vagueness and uncertainty are commonly used by the decision maker. The most crucial issue is how to derive the interval priority vector from an interval fuzzy preference relation. This paper first analyzes the size of the interval priority weights. Then, two linear programming models are built, by which the interval priority weight...

Something about the idea of acting from duty seems cold and uncaring. When taking on a moral point of view, such as forcing ourselves to act from duty, we must divorce ourselves from our subjective feelings and our emotions. In this sense, taking a moral point of view alienates people from themselves, others, and their moral theory. In " Alienation, Consequentialism, and the Demands of Morality...

People need to understand why an instance of suffering occurred and what purpose it might have. One widespread account of suffering is a repressive suffering construal (RSC): interpreting suffering as occurring because people deviate from social norms and as having the purpose of reinforcing the social order. Based on the theorizing of Emile Durkheim and others, we propose that RSC is associate...

I begin this commentary with an expanded typology of theories that endorse an internal morality of medicine. I then subject these theories to a philosophical critique. I argue that the more robust claims for an internal morality fail to establish a stand-alone method for bioethics because they ignore crucial non-medical values, violate norms of justice and fail to establish the normativity of m...

This thesis considers the problem of how people should deal with moral change. I examine various conceptions of morality and induce the essence of morality, or the set of formal features that is fundamental to all moralities. In particular, I claim that the essence of morality consists of four features: (1) it performs some function (namely, solving the problem of cooperation); (2) it is prescr...

Moral relativism, as I understand it, is the claim that there is not a single objectively true morality but only many different moralities, just as there is not a single true language but only many different languages. Different people may have different moralities as reflected in the way they act and the ways they react to the actions of others and there is no objective way to show that one of...

This is one of the first batch in a series called 'Philosophy at Work', designed to show contemporary philosophy being fruitfully applied to practical problems. Mr. Atkinson's first concern is to examine arguments which are commonly used in defence of, and in opposition to, such things as preand extra-marital intercourse, contraception, artificial insemination, divorce, homosexuality. He unrave...

In this investigation we assessed whether different formats of media (video, text, and video+text) influenced participants' engagement, cognitive processing and recall of non-fiction cases of people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. For each of the cases used in the study, we designed three informationally-equivalent versions: video, text, and video+text. Thirty participants experienced one version in e...