Historically, cognitivists considered moral choices to be determined by analytic processes. Recent theories, however, have emphasized the role of intuitive processes in determining moral choices. We propose that the engagement of analytic and intuitive processes is contingent on the type of tradeoff being considered. Specifically, when a tradeoff necessarily violates a moral principle no matter...

Is moral judgment accomplished by intuition or conscious reasoning? An answer demands a detailed account of the moral principles in question. We investigated three principles that guide moral judgments: (a) Harm caused by action is worse than harm caused by omission, (b) harm intended as the means to a goal is worse than harm foreseen as the side effect of a goal, and (c) harm involving physica...

A Critical Review of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Judgment and a Guideline on its Developmental Stages   A.R. Assaareh, Ph.D. * A. Mahdizaadeh Tehraani** A.R. Amini Zarrin*** S. Azimi****   Developmental theories describe and explain stages in which different aspects of human psyche develop. Among such theories is Kohlberg’s theory of moral judgment wherein a complex ...

There is a compelling simplicity to the theoretical approach to moral judgment proposed by Gray, Young, and Waytz (this issue; henceforth GYW). On 10 their approach, all that is needed to account for the large body of empirical findings on moral judgment is a description of the prototypical moral encounter—a moral agent who brings harm to a moral patient. This is what psychological theorizing o...

In moral dilemmas performing an action often leads to both a good primary and a bad secondary effect. In such cases, how do people judge whether the bad secondary effect was brought about intentionally, and how do they assess the moral value of the act leading to the secondary effect? Various theories have been proposed that either focus on the causal role or on the moral valence of the seconda...

Recent research in social psychology suggests that people harbor ‘‘implicit race biases,’’ biases which can be unconscious or uncontrollable. Because awareness and control have traditionally been deemed necessary for the ascription of moral responsibility, implicit biases present a unique challenge: do we pardon discrimination based on implicit biases because of its unintentional nature, or do ...

We investigated the moral stereotypes political liberals and conservatives have of themselves and each other. In reality, liberals endorse the individual-focused moral concerns of compassion and fairness more than conservatives do, and conservatives endorse the group-focused moral concerns of ingroup loyalty, respect for authorities and traditions, and physical/spiritual purity more than libera...

linda zagzebski presents a new kind of foundational moral theory in her exemplarist virtue theory which exemplary persons have considered as the foundation. in this theory all of the basic moral concepts such as good ends and right acts are defined by direct reference to paradigmatically good person. one of the most important consequences of this theory is that moral propositions are a posterio...

followership is a developing paradigm in organizational behavior which focusesmainly on followers. the goal of this study is to explore follower’s implicitfollowership theories (ifts) which entail an analysis of follower’s views andperception about followership. for this purpose, based on a phenomenologicalapproach, semi-structured interviews with employees of large public and privateorganizati...

The purpose of this chapter is to present a sociocultural perspective on the study of moral development, and to review theoretical and empirical work on moral development that has been conducted under the rubric of this perspective. This perspective has emerged over the course of the last decade or so, in response to a variety of challenges to prevailing theories of moral development—in particu...