Computer A nalysts frequently describe troubled projects with the tar pit metaphor used so effectively in Fred Brooks’s The Mythical Man-Month (2nd ed., AddisonWesley, Reading, Mass., 1995). We have found a similarly effective metaphor: Think of a troubled software project as an insect caught in a spiderweb of sticky constraints, trying desperately to break free before the spider arrives to feed.

In Situational Method Engineering, the concepts of both fragment and chunk have been proposed as the atomic element. These are examined here in terms of their conceptual integrity and in terms of how they may be used in method construction, drawing parallels to show that the similarities are more than the differences. The new ISO/IEC 24744 standard metamodel is used as a conceptual framework to...

Developing seedlings of the Arabidopsis gun1 (genomes uncoupled1) mutant, which is defective in retrograde plastid-to-nucleus signalling, show several previously unrecognized mutant phenotypes. gun1 seedlings accumulated less anthocyanin than wild-type seedlings when grown in the presence of 2% (w/v) sucrose, due to lower amounts of transcripts of early anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in gun1. N...

Acer rubrum L., A. saccharum Marsh., Quercus alba L. and Q. rubra L. seedlings subjected to soil and stem base heat treatments showed rapid declines in rates of transpiration and photosynthesis. Reductions in photosynthetic rate were partly attributable to mesophyll inhibition. Quercus seedlings were less able to maintain transpiration and photosynthesis after heat treatment than Acer seedlings...

Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is one of the significant yields and fundamental product created in Okinawa since it appropriate climatic condition for pineapple improvement. seeds. This study intends to decide quantitative characters seedlings from stem engendering cutting on two assortments Okinawa, Japan. The review was led December 2022 at Yagaji Island Nursery, A descriptive approach us...

Seedling regeneration after a high intensity wildfire was assessed in a mixed forest dominated by Eucalyptus species andCallitris endlicheri (Parl.) F.M.Bailey. Patternswere compared against the ‘slow seedling’or ‘tortoise-and-hare’ theory of competitive interactions betweengymnosperms andangiosperms.Browsing effectswere documentedusing fenced plots, and seedling density, mortality and height w...

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings were cultured with air lateral root pruning (side-vented containers, VT) or without (solid-walled containers, SW). Seedling root system morphology and growth were assessed before planting and 8 and 14 months after planting. Although VT seedlings had greater root collar diameter than the SW before planting, seedling height and ground line diameter were n...

New Zealand's ancient kauri (Agathis australis) forests are under threat from the spread of dieback disease, caused by soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida. Characterizing response soil microbiota to infection with P. agathidicida is essential identify how they may form a protective invasion and disease expression. This study infected 18-month-old seedlings standardized inoculum load f...

leaf hydraulic conductance, components of tissue water potential, hydraulic architecture parameters and xylem embolism were examined in greenhouse-grown two-year-old Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) seedlings from six origins representing the geographic range of the species in Italy. Cortical resin composition of the seedlings was also determined. Measurements were made on well-watered seed...

Morus alba L. is an important tree species planted widely in China because of its economic value. In this report, we investigated the influence of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, alone and together, on the growth of M. alba L. seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The growth parameters and physiological performance of M. alba L. seedling...