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In proton radiotherapy, a proton generates secondary neutrons and photons in a patient’s body. This leads to irradiation of the area in proximity to the target region with incidental doses caused by secondary radiation in addition to the therapeutic dose. However in current treatment planning of proton radiotherapy, conventional dose estimation algorithms like the pencil beam method can not est...

We studied the collapse transition on small homopolymeric and heteropolymeric sequences in the HP model on a two dimensional square lattice both with exact enumerations and Monte Carlo simulations. For heteropolymers, our analysis is restricted to native sequences (sequences which present one single minimal energy connguration) with a xed fraction of hydrophobic residues (= N H =N = 0:5). In th...

A new Monte Carlo method for computing thermodynamical properties of very large polyelectrolytes is presented. It is based on a renormalization group relating the original polymer to a smaller system, where in addition to the naively rescaled forces, a corrective nearest-neighbor interaction originating from the short distance Coulomb cutoo is introduced. The method is derived for low T but is ...

*Corresponding author: Dr. Tayyeb Allahverdi Pourfallah, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fax: +98 21 88973653 E-mail: [email protected] Background: Polymer gel dosimetry is still the only dosimetry method for direct measuring of threedimensional dose distributions. MRI Polymer gel dosimeters are tissue equi...

in this paper, the pricing of a european call option on the underlying asset is performed by using a monte carlo method, one of the powerful simulation methods, where the price development of the asset is simulated and value of the claim is computed in terms of an expected value. the proposed approach, applied in monte carlo simulation, is based on the black-scholes equation which generally def...