Although bilingual children and elderly have been observed to outperform monolinguals in typical executive control tasks, this advantage is not consistently found the young adult population. Proponents of argue reason for that task demands tasks used are high enough, since adults perform at ceiling level, whereas critics effect it has benefited from publication bias. Here we test task-load hypo...

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that bilingualism may cause a linguistic disadvantage in lexical access even for bilinguals' first and dominant language. To this purpose, we conducted a picture naming experiment comparing the performance of monolinguals and highly-proficient, L1-dominant bilinguals. The results revealed that monolinguals name pictures faster than bilinguals, both...

The present study examined whether monolinguals and balanced bilinguals perceive speech sounds similarly or whether the two phonological systems in bilinguals interact so that one language is affected by the other. Two groups, monolingual native speakers of Finnish and balanced Finnish-Swedish bilinguals, were tested. We measured mismatch negativity (MMN) responses and used individually selecte...

In this article, we attempt to quantify the contribution of prosody (timing and melody) to the perception of a foreign accent, by using a prosodic transplantation paradigm. For this experiment, a dozen sentences, which are spoken in (almost) the same way in Italian and Spanish, were recorded. They were read by 3 Spanish monolinguals, 3 Italian monolinguals and 3 Spanish/Italian bilinguals (once...

This study explores the reading strategies (RSs) of bilingual and monolingual young learners in their first second languages (L1 L2, respectively)—either Kazakh or Russian as L1 L2—and English a foreign language (L3). It also examines influence RSs on learners’ performance comprehension tests three languages. The test results showed significant differences L1, L3.The for achievement were genera...

Previous research demonstrates that bilinguals have an advatange over monolinguals in several extra-linguistic domains. Using the Simon Task, which putatively measures inhibitory control, Bialystok, Craik, Klein, and Viswanathan (2004) illustrate that early bilinguals are faster and show less of a Simon effect than monolinguals, a disparity that becomes more pronounced in late adulthood. The po...

Theory of mind (ToM) is an essential ability for social competence and communication, it necessary understanding behaviours that differ from our own. Research on bilingual children has reported 3- 4-year-old bilinguals outperform monolinguals in ToM tasks. suggests adult also might monolinguals; nevertheless, this effect yet to be established. Here, we tested monolingual adults the director tas...

This paper describes a machine translation system designed for use by monolinguals which guarantees high quality translations. A system has been developed for British Telecom which enables a user to compose texts in a foreign language with no knowledge of either the target language itself nor stylistic conventions pertinent to the text-type.