......................................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND OF SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS.....................................1 1.1 Fluorescence and Fluorescence Sensing.........................................................3 1.1.1. Jablonski Diagram.......................................................................

Recent advances in optical technology have taken fluorescent imaging beyond the standard two-dimensional (2D) epifluorescence imaging into the realm of three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence molecular tomographic (FMT®) imaging for improved localization and quantification in deep tissue. This requires the transillumination of animals (i.e. the passing of light through the animals) rather than the ...

Aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO) have been found to emit a structured, strongly pH-dependent visible fluorescence. Based on experimental results and model computations, this is proposed to arise from quasi-molecular fluorophores, similar to polycyclic aromatic compounds, formed by the electronic coupling of carboxylic acid groups with nearby carbon atoms of graphene. Sharp and structu...

The first FUV (λλ 1350–1750Å) spectral imaging observations of the Eridanus superbubble, obtained with the SPEAR/FIMS mission, have revealed distinct fluorescent emission from molecular hydrogen. In this study, the observed emission features were compared with those from a photo-dissociation region model with assumed illuminating stellar fields. The result showed rather high line ratios of I158...

In this study, we describe a versatile, flexible, and quick method to label different families of enveloped viruses with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-modified green fluorescent protein, termed fluorescence molecular painting (FMP). As an example for a potential application, we investigated virus attachment by means of flow cytometry to determine if viral binding behavior may be analyzed after F...

Fluorescence microscopy is one of the most used imaging modalities in molecular biology and living specimens. To increase image contrast spatial resolution, different type fluorescence has been developed. This review introduces three main types microscopy: wild-field microscopy, confocal total internal reflection microscopy. The basic principles are similar but with modifications, which also in...

This review covers the approximately two-year period of January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2001. Consequently, there is a gap between this review and our last review (A1), which covered roughly from November, 1997 through October, 1999. This gap is due to a change in computer search; STN was used primarily for this search. We have tried to minimize the gap by doing individual searches for each to...

Visualization of biological processes and pathologic conditions at the cellular and tissue levels largely relies on the use of fluorescence intensity signals from fluorophores or their bioconjugates. To overcome the concentration dependency of intensity measurements, evaluate subtle molecular interactions, and determine biochemical status of intracellular or extracellular microenvironments, flu...

Molecular emission enhancement is generally obtained by proper coupling with external resonances. Here we propose the idea of a plasmonic nanolauncher, i.e., a metamaterial-inspired ultranarrow channel at cutoff. Its peculiar operation provides uniform phase and drastic amplitude increase all over the channel, allowing high emission enhancement independent of the position of an individual or gr...