This work presents the on-line coupled meteorology–chemistry transport model BOLCHEM, based on hydrostatic meteorological BOLAM model, gas chemistry module SAPRC90, and aerosol dynamic AERO3. It includes parameterizations to describe natural source emissions, dry wet removal processes, as well dispersion of air pollutants. The equations for different processes are solved same grid during integr...

Currently in the era of globalization 21st century, students are required to master various abilities and thinking skills. Students' do not develop well with learning that only focuses on training convergent without providing problems must face. As a result, have difficulty developing improving their ability material. Thus, it is necessary an appropriate model improve abilities. Based this, one...

The row model is used to study the commensurate-incommensurate (C-IC) and isotropic (FFTXY) transitions of the frustrated 2D XY model on the triangular lattice. New relevant variables clarify the physics of these transitions: phase and chiral variables are coupled so that spin waves generate long range polar interactions. The resulting dielectric constant diverges at the transition. A single tr...

Vegetation emits large quantities of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC). At remote sites, these compounds are the dominant precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production, yet current field studies show that atmospheric models have difficulty in capturing the observed HOx cycle and concentrations of BVOC oxidation products. In this manuscript, we simulate BVOC chemist...

We study the D → σπ, D → ρπ, B− → σπ−, B− → ρ0π− and B̄ → ρ±π∓ decays in a valence quark triangle model, incorporating chiral symmetries. We find a good agreement with recent experimental data for D → σπ and for D → ρπ. We point out that a long-distance contribution due to the axial vector a1 meson pole, calculated by using chiral symmetry, can be relevant to explain D → ρπ and for lowering the ...

This paper evaluates the concentration estimates from a comprehensive model, The Air Pollution Model (TAPM), developed by Australia’s CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) with observations from a field study conducted in 2005 at Wilmington, a coastal urban area located south of Los Angeles. The performance of TAPM in describing the results from the field study wa...

We compare the dependences on the number of colors of the leading scattering amplitudes using the single index quark field and two index quark fields. These are seen to have different relationships to the scattering amplitudes suggested by chiral dynamics which can explain the long puzzling pion pion s wave scattering up to about 1 GeV. This may be interesting for getting a better understanding...

This paper reports results of a qualitative study of sixteen students enrolled in a second year organic chemistry course for chemistry and chemical engineering majors. The focus of the study was student use of the arrow-pushing formalism that plays a central role in both the teaching and practice of organic chemistry. The goal of the study was to probe how students made sense of the arrow-pushi...