Mitochondria are the dominant source of the cellular energy requirements through oxidative phosphorylation, but they are also central players in apoptosis. Nutrient availability may have been the main evolutionary driving force behind these opposite mitochondrial functions: production of energy to sustain life and release of apoptotic proteins to trigger cell death. Here, we explore the link be...

This paper discusses diverse studies to consider the hypothesis that cerebellar pathology supports the heterogeneous metabolic pathologies of mood disorders. The evidence presented includes studies selected from the following areas of scientific research: magnetic resonance imaging, histology, clinical syndromes, comparative anatomy, neuronal connections, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The gamu...

mediastinal neoplasms are uncommon tumors that can occur at any age but are most common through the fifth decades of life. a wide variety of systemic disorders are associated with 71% of thymomas. the symptoms of these as sociated disorders often lead to the original discovery of the mediastinal tumor. a 35-year-old female with petechia and purpura was admitted to sina hospital of the city of h...

alcohol provokes different molecular pathways contributing to a clinically significant neurotoxicity in different brain areas. affected cognition in alcoholics can influence both daily life functioning and alcohol craving management abilities. preventing alcohol-induced neurotoxicity with different neuroprotective pharmacological interventions is receiving strong scientific backgrounds from pub...

acute coronary syndrome is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. for prompt diagnosis and management of this disease, several biomarkers have been utilized. recently microrna which are suggestive of tissue damage and some are cardiospecific are paid special attention and might help in dearly diagnosis of this disease and furthermore help in preventing the resultant mortality. in this review...

Iron_sulfur clusters (ISCs) are known to play a major role in various protein functions. Located in the mitochondria, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, they contribute to various core cellular functions. Until recently, only a few human diseases related to mitochondrial ISC biogenesis defects have been described. Such diseases include Friedreich ataxia, combined oxidative phosphorylat...

Increased production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage, and progressive respiratory chain dysfunction are associated with atherosclerosis or cardiomyopathy in human investigations and animal models of oxidative stress. Moreover, major precursors of atherosclerosis-hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and even the process o...

PURPOSE We report the neuroradiologic findings in 25 children with various mitochondrial diseases. METHODS Twenty-two children with a mitochondrial disorder had MR imaging of the brain and three children had CT studies. In all cases, the diagnosis was based on examination of muscle morphology, analysis of oxygen consumption and respiratory chain enzyme activity in isolated muscle mitochondria...