Robust programming lies at the heart of the type of coding called “secure programming”. Yet it is rarely taught in academia. More commonly, the focus is on how to avoid creating well-known vulnerabilities. While important, that misses the point: a well-structured, robust program should anticipate where problems might arise and compensate for them. This paper discusses one view of robust program...

retrofitting structures is an important issue. structural weakness may be due to changes in design codes or defects in implementation. adding structural floors to the existing structures may also lead to the need for strengthening and retrofitting. retrofitting is possible before the earthquake or may take place as rehabilitation of damaged members after earthquake. elements such as columns in ...

By conceptualising local seismic construction practices as capital, this paper proposes a theoretical framework within which its conservation can be envisioned as a means to reducing vulnerability and moving towards more sustainable development. The application of the proposed conceptual framework is demonstrated in the case of Lefkada Island in Greece. Each of the four key constructs (local se...

Aim: The paper proposes a novel risk assessment method ology for complex cyber-physical systems: proposed may assist assessors to: (a) assess the risks deriving from cyber and physical interactions among components; (b) prioritize control selection process mitigating these risks. Methods: To achieve this, we combine modify appropriately two recent ologies targeted to systems interactions, as un...

extended abstract 1. introduction various effects of continuous drought, contributes to the vulnerability of rural households and their livelihoods is unstable, dynamic and multi-dimensional nature and vulnerability of drought it difficult to provide the study. however, to understand what an important role in mitigating the effects of drought vulnerability and improve the livelihood of rural pe...