Recently proposed classification algorithms give estimates or worst-case bounds for the probability of misclassification [Lanckriet et al., 2002][L. Breiman, 2001]. These accuracy estimates are for all future predictions, even though some predictions are more likely to be correct than others. This paper introduces Probabilistic Random Forests (PRF), which is based on two existing algorithms, Mi...

In this paper we propose a very simple, yet general and effective method to make any cost-insensitive classifiers (that can produce probability estimates) cost-sensitive. The method, called Thresholding, selects a proper threshold from training instances according to the misclassification cost. Similar to other cost-sensitive meta-learning methods, Thresholding can convert any existing (and fut...

Case-control studies are particularly susceptible to differential exposure misclassification when exposure status is determined following incident case status. Probabilistic bias analysis methods have been developed as ways to adjust standard effect estimates based on the sensitivity and specificity of exposure misclassification. The iterative sampling method advocated in probabilistic bias ana...

Recently proposed classification algorithms give estimates or worst-case bounds for the probability of misclassification [Lanckriet et al., 2002][L. Breiman, 2001]. These accuracy estimates are for all future predictions, even though some predictions are more likely to be correct than others. This paper introduces Probabilistic Random Forests (PRF), which is based on two existing algorithms, Mi...

One of the issues regarding the misclassification in case-control studies is whether the misclassification error rates are the same for both cases and controls. Currently, a common practice is to assume that the rates are the same (“non-differential” assumption). However, it is suspicious that this assumption is valid in many case-control studies. Unfortunately, no test is available so far to t...

For many real applications of pattern classification problems, it is more important to reduce the misclassification rate than to increase the rate of successful classification. In this paper, we propose a single-layer neural network with two rejection mechanisms for character recognition problems, which guarantees a very low misclassification rate. The proposed architecture is a cascaded connec...

International misclassification of suicide, particularly undercounting, has long been a scientific concern. An important question is whether official national suicide data are sufficiently reliable and valid to justify their use in international comparative studies or longitudinal intervention studies. Is cross-national variation in rates of suicide, in part or whole, an artifact of such factor...

The issue of 2 × 2 × 2 case-control studies is addressed when both exposure and confounding variables are jointly misclassified. Two scenarios are considered: the classification errors of exposure and confounding variables are independent or not independent. The bias-adjusted cell probability estimates which account for the misclassification bias are presented. The effect of misclassification o...