Strobilurin is a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs have been widely used to control prevent fungal diseases. Strobilurins were firstly isolated in 1977 from the mycelium Strobilurus tenacellus, saprobic Basidiomycete fungus causing wood-rotting on forest trees. This pesticides was designed manage pathogens classes such as Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Oomycetes. Also, commerc...

Introduction The fungicidal properties of morpholines with large ring N-substituents was first reported in 1965 [ l ] and since then several (Fig. 1) have been marketed for the control of plant pathogenic fungi. Dodemorph, tridemorph, aldimorph and fenpropimorph are used to control powdery mildews and have both protective and eradicant properties. They are systemic in action, being absorbed thr...

Colletotrichum species infect several economically important crop plants. To establish a compatible parasitic interaction, a specialized infection cell, the melanized appressorium, is differentiated on the cuticle of the host. After penetration, an infection vesicle and primary hyphae are formed. These structures do not kill the host cell and show some similarities with haustoria formed by powd...

Even though the microevolution of plant hosts and pathogens has been intensely studied, knowledge regarding macro-evolutionary patterns is limited. Having the highest species diversity and host-specificity among Oomycetes, downy mildews are a useful a model for investigating long-term host-pathogen coevolution. We show that phylogenies of Bremia and Asteraceae are significantly congruent. The a...

In survey of infected samples to downy mildew of broadbean, Chenopodium murale and Rumex chalpensis using Olympus microscope (BH2) and valid keys and recently published papers, two species were identified (Choi et al. 2009, Ershad 2009, Telle & Thines 2012).