Some recent algorithms for 3-dimensional orthogonal graph drawing use no more than 3 bends per edge route. It is unknown if there exists a graph requiring a 3-bend edge route. In this paper we present an algorithm for 2-bend 3-dimensional orthogonal grid drawing of maximum degree 5 graphs. In addition 2-bend 3-dimensional grid drawings of the 6-regular multi-partite graphs are given.

The flow through pipe bends and elbows occurs in a wide range of applications. While many experimental data are available for such flows the literature, their numerical simulation is less abundant. Here, we present highly-resolved simulations laminar turbulent water 90° bend using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) methods coupled to Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model turbulence. Direct compa...

Subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide is an intriguing alternative to conventional optical waveguides due to the extra degree of freedom it offers in tuning a few important waveguide properties, such as dispersion and refractive index. Devices based on SWG waveguides have demonstrated impressive performances compared to conventional waveguides. However, the high loss of SWG waveguide bends jeop...

application of structures of flow pattern modification is one of the erosion control methods in bends. triangular vanes are among these structures which provide less scour depth compared to the other techniques such as spur dike. since little information on erosion and sedimentation pattern around triangular vanes are available, this study was conducted to study the effect of structure effectiv...

recognizing of river flow pattern, deposition and erosion areas in meanders is highly important. despite the limitations of the physical models in laboratory investigation of flow pattern in meanders, mathematical models can be helpful. in this research, rsm and les turbulence models have been compared on sharp river bend of a laboratory flume using fluent software. the laboratory flume is a sh...

The investigation of the turbulence statistics for single-phase turbulent flow around pipe bends have mainly been experimental. Considering cost-effectiveness numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) compared to experimental measurement, this work aims study accuracies different CFD models, and establish their functionality limitations. This paper investigates capabilities models spatial di...