'Reproductive tourism' has been defined as the search for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and human gametes (eggs, sperm, embryos) across national and international borders. This article conceptualizes reproductive tourism within 'global reproscapes,' which involve the circulation of actors, technologies, money, media, ideas, and human gametes, all moving in complicated manners across...

The fourteenth century of the Christian period was a time significant transition. social and political environment undergoing changes. Strong, centralized empires were erected in east, while middle classes west started to seek obtain part government. Islamic control thrived during this period, bringing people from all over globe together via trade business. There such powerful as Mongols, Ottom...

Background Population variables and processes are intimately and crucially related to the past, present and future of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This paper reviews some of the main demographic trends among Jews and Arabs in Israel and Palestine, presents some new population projections covering the period 2000-2050, and discusses some possible policy implications of the emerging demograp...

studying the prominent iranian-islamic scientific texts of middle ages in the field of ophthalmology may play a role in recognizing the science of traditional ophthalmology and its crucial diagnostic and therapeutic points. the most important and reliable resources in the context of ophthalmology belong to iranian scientists. this study collects these references and provides their relative equi...

Abstract Today’s anti-Semitism in European societies is often said to have been imported on a large scale by Muslim immigrants. It needs be revealed that this historically abbreviated representation useful for particular political purposes – especially from the right. The influence of medieval European-Christian anti-Judaism and modern world has centuries-old history usually disregarded debate....

shari'atnameh writing as a prescription in political jurisprudence has been of particular importance in islamic political thought. this paper tries to focus on thought of fadhlollah ibn ruzbahan khonji, the last shari'atnameh writer in middle ages in the era consolidation of power of shiite government, shah ismail i, safavid king and the decline of the caliphate. the paper tries to an...

A hinterland in the old world of Islam, the early history of diffusion of Islamic civilization in Bengal is shrouded with mystery. Though the maritime and trade contacts between Arab world and Bengal can be traced during the early period of Islam, the religious and cultural interaction between these two far-fetched lands started growing only after the Muslim conquest of the region in the early ...

There is a great need throughout the Middle East and North Africa for contemporary urban research that goes beyond classical analysis of the traditional Arab City. Important topics include urban transformation, the flow of global capital and its affect on urban realities, urban structures and polity, changes in social life and lines of inclusion and exclusion , and such " metropolitization " fo...

This article aims to shed light on the construction of architectural monuments in Kosovo as early XVI-XVIII centuries, especially Islamic architecture. style construction, influenced by eastern part continent, had its own features, which set it apart from other constructions built before Islam. Those features reached Albanian areas after Ottoman Empire conquered them. type architecture expresse...