This paper develops a model in which a rapid expansion of the quality frontier by rich countries pushes poorer countries down the quality ladder and thereby leads to a widening dispersion of quality around the world as well as sluggish growth in poorer countries. This paper documents these features in the data, such as a recent rise in the dispersion of quality exported around the world between...

Abstract The development experience observed in Korea has been a symbol of successful catch-up for several decades. This process allowed its upward transition from middle income to high-income status and drawn the attention many streams scholars. More recently, emergent research improved our understanding this policy implications developing countries (Lee, 2013; 2016; 2019). paper proposes revi...

The central fact that has motivated the empirics of economic growth—namely unconditional divergence—is no longer true and not been so for decades. Across a range data sources, poorer countries have in catching up with richer ones, albeit slowly, since mid-1990s. This new era convergence does stem primarily from growth moderation rich world but rather accelerating developing world, which simulta...

Objectives – The article aims to analyze whether the Economic Transformation carried out by Indonesia will be able get of Middle Income Trap (MIT). And through economic transformation is realize a Golden 2045.
 Methodology- In this study, method used descriptive and literature study where in analysis data information displayed comparing several countries that were originally included middl...

Purpose Existence of working poverty reduces the effectiveness strategy “increasing employment to reduce poverty”. Developed countries are already concerned about it but insufficient attention has been made by developing countries. Focusing on this study identifies (1) effects trade openness (TO) and (2) whether trap exists or not in Both objectives also analyzed for three subsamples low income...