the us foreign policy processes in the middle east, in the post world war ii period, have always brought about security challenge, danger and crisis, in the region. all us presidents have experienced grave security crisis in this geopolitical area. there also exists many indications of distrust of the current foreign us policy exercised in the middle east on the part of middle eastern citizens....

GDP, a measure of economic welfare, may be supplemented with other measures of economic welfare and environmental sustainability. This article discusses alternative measures which have been proposed in the literature concerning pollution, which can be used to augment GDP as a measure of welfare to produce a better index.

The clinical syndrome of heart failure is the final pathway for a myriad of diseases that affect the heart, and is a leading and growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Evidence-based guidelines have provided clinicians with valuable data for better applying diagnostic and therapeutic tools, particularly the overwhelming new imaging technology and other, often expensive, therapies a...

BACKGROUND There is a dire need in the Arab world and Middle Eastern countries to reform the higher education, research policy and planning for improving the quality to meet the needs of modern society. The impact factor (IF) was developed in the 1960s by Eugene Garfield of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in the USA. It has been extensively used for more than 40 years. The SCImag...

Relationships between Middle Eastern patients and Western health care professionals are often troubled by mutual misunderstanding of culturally influenced values and communication styles. Although Middle Easterners vary ethnically, they do share a core of common values and behavior that include the importance of affiliation and family, time and space orientations, interactional style and attitu...

An orphan drug is a drug developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition. With a combined population of less than 400 million, about 2.8 million patients are estimated to be suffering from a rare disease in the Middle East. Some disorders such as hemoglobinopathy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, autosomal recessive syndromes, and several metabolic disorders have a presenc...

Background As the under-representation of women in management positions continues to persist globally, little is known about the experiences of women in the healthcare sector in the context of the developing Middle Eastern nations. In an attempt to address this knowledge gap, the current study explores some of the barriers that hinder and the enablers that foster women’s career advancement in t...

Independent studies by both the World Health Organisation and the World Bank in 1990 have estimated that about 500,000 people lose their lives each year as a result of road accidents and over 15 million suffer injuries. A recent TRL study has reported a realistic estimate for the year 1999 for global road deaths to be between 750,000 and 880,000 (Jacobs et al, 1999). The majority of these, abou...

Aims: Identifying the factors affecting the older adultchr('39')s quality of life can be effective in finding ways to improve their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting older adultschr('39') quality of life in Middle Eastern countries. Information & Methods: This systematic review study was conducted in March and April 2020. According to the World H...

[1] We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to interpret observations of tropospheric ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite instrument in summer 2005. Observations from TES reveal elevated ozone in the middle troposphere (500–400 hPa) across North Africa and the Middle East. Observed ozone abundances in the middle troposphere are at a maximum in summer and a mi...