or at the bronchial level), while access changed somewhat and the number of video-assisted thoracoscopic procedures increased in recent years. The incidence of subcutaneous emphysema associated with symptomatic cutaneous tension, palpebral occlusion, and modifications in tone of voice (defined as " severe " according to the criteria extensively described 1,2) was 1.3% (20 patients). All patient...

Objective: To investigate possible factors that could cause air bubbles at the tip of an endolaser probe and to describe a technique to remove air bubbles during microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS). Methods: Thirty patients (30 eyes) had 23-gauge MIVS, and endolaser photocoagulation with an endolaser probe was performed to complete panretinal photocoagulation. The primary outcome measure wa...