Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used for external-beam radiation therapy setup and target localization. As with all medical applications of ionizing radiation, radiation exposure should be managed safely and optimized to achieve the necessary image quality using the lowest possible dose. The present study investigates doses from standard kilovoltage kV radiographic and CBCT imaging prot...

Introduction: There are many similarities between memory impairment in patients suffering from Alzheimer and animals treated by Cannabinoids. The agonists of Cannabinoid receptors affect on a variety of memories and leanings. The present study aims to investigate the role of α-1-adrenergic receptors in central region of amygdala in state-dependent learning induced by WIN55,212-2 (cannabin...

We propose a novel protocol for aggregating micro-payments in a networked environment. The protocol is based on the idea of debt consolidation and is fully decentralized. We propose client-server and serverless versions of the protocol. We also analyze the mathematical properties of the protocol. Finally, we show how basic cryptographic techniques can be used to support the operation of the pro...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single-scan protocol using Gafchromic EBT3 film (EBT3) by comparing it with the commonly used 24-hr measurement protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry. Radiochromic film is generally scanned 24 hr after film exposure (24-hr protocol). The single-scan protocol enables measurement results within a short time using only the verification film, one calib...

results the study consisted of 40 patients (all men, with mean age of 33.38 ± 7.4 years). ct evaluation with standard dose were positive in 22 patients (55%). only 1 (2.5%) ct scan assigned as unacceptable by each radiologist in low-dose group. noise average of low-dose protocol, was approximately 7 times greater than standard dose group, while dlp and ed are 9.7 times smaller. in comparison wi...

Micro-payment systems have the potential to provide non-intrusive, high-volume and low-cost pay-as-you-use services for a wide variety of webbased applications. We propose an extension, P2P-NetPay, a micro-payment protocol characterized by off-line processing, suitable for peer-to-peer network services sharing. Our approach provides high performance and security using one-way hashing functions ...

The effect of dose and volume of a perimuscular injection of Bothrops jararacussu venom on myonecrosis of skeletal muscle was studied in mice. An increase of the venom dose (0.25 to 2.0 micro g/g) at a given volume (50 micro l) resulted in an increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels 2 h after injection. Plasma CK activity increased from the basal level of 129.27 +/- 11.83 (N = 20) to 2392...