Significant differences exist in the sensitivity of mice and rats to the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) that cannot be explained by differences in exposure to or uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) into dopamine (DA) neurons. MPP(+) is also a substrate for the brain vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), and sequestration into synaptic vesicles...

PURPOSE An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury involves a multi-planar injury mechanism. Nevertheless, unexpected multi-planar perturbations have not been used to screen athletes in the context of ACL injury prevention yet could reveal those more at risk. The objective of this study was to compare neuromuscular responses to multi-planar (MPP) and single-planar perturbations (SPP) during a s...

The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces Parkinson's disease-like symptoms following administration to mice, monkeys, and humans. A common view is that MPTP is metabolized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) to induce its neurodegenerative effects on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Moreover, the hippocampus contains dopaminergic fiber...

Cerebellar granule cells in enriched primary culture are susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Relatively high MPP+ concentrations are required to elicit neurotoxic effects at early culture times, but lower concentrations of MPP+ produce comparable neurotoxic effects at later culture times. Under identical culture conditions 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra...

The predominantly epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) can promote CD4(+) Th2 cell-dependent immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair at barrier surfaces through the induction of multiple innate immune cell populations. IL-25 and IL-33 were previously shown to elicit four innate cell populations, named natural helper cells, nuocytes, innate ty...

The neurotoxin MPTP and its active metabolite MPP+ cause Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms in vertebrates by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. MPTP/MPP+ models have been established in rodents to screen for pharmacologically active compounds. In addition to being costly and time consuming, these animal models are not suitable for large scale testings usin...

The acoustic properties of a compound micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorber array are investigated. The absorber array consists of three parallel-arranged MPP absorbers with different cavity depths. A finite element procedure is used to simulate its acoustic behaviors under normal incidence. Experimental studies are carried out to verify the numerical simulations. Due to different reactance mat...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. We have found that salidroside (Sal) exhibited neuroprotective effects against MPP+ toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we found that Sal significantly prevented MPP+-induced decrease of mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, GCLc, SOD1, and SOD2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover...

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the neurotoxic bioactivation product of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), interrupts mitochondrial electron transfer at the NADH dehydrogenase-ubiquinone junction, as do the respiratory chain inhibitors rotenone, piericidin A and barbiturates. Proof that these classical respiratory chain inhibitors and MPP+ react at the same site in the com...