Sulfate-reducing bacteria, like Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, use the reduction of sulfate as a sink for electrons liberated in oxidation reactions of organic substrates. The rate of the latter exceeds that of sulfate reduction at the onset of growth, causing a temporary accumulation of hydrogen and other fermentation products (the hydrogen or fermentation burst). In addition to hydroge...

Neutral tetrakis(methylimidazole) (1) and the novel cationic tetrakis(methylimidazolium) (2) calixarenes have been prepared and their solid-state and solution behaviour examined. The neutral imidazole forms a mono-zwitterion at elevated temperature, a feature that has been observed both in solution and in the solid-state. The cationic imidazolium exhibits a range of hydrogen bond interactions w...

Objective(s) The aims of present study were to elucidate the effect of NaHS as a H2S donor on precontracted rat trachea smooth muscle, role of epithelium and nitric oxide in this action. Materials and Methods Tracheal rings from male adult Wistar rats were isolated and mounted in an organ bath containing Krebs–Henseleit solution under 1.5 g resting tension and contractions were recorded isom...

The kinetics and mechanism of the proton reduction reaction in the room temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C(2)mim][NTf(2)]) was studied at gold, molybdenum, nickel, titanium and platinum electrodes. Significant differences in electrochemical rate constants were observed between the different metals and with the corresponding processes in aq...

The equilibrium for the reversible decomposition of formic acid into carbon dioxide and hydrogen is studied in the ionic liquid (IL) 1,3-dipropyl-2-methylimidazolium formate. The equilibrium is strongly favored to the formic acid side because of the strong solvation of formic acid in the IL through the strong Coulombic solute-solvent interactions. The comparison of the equilibrium constants in ...

Room-temperature ionic liquids containing the triply charged tricyanomelaminate (tcmel) ion [C(3)N(6)(CN)(3)](3-) were synthesized. The 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium (MMIm), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIm) salts of the tricyanomelaminate ion have glass transition temperatures (-6, -20, and -30 °C) similar to those found for the analogous monomeric dicya...

in this study, oxidation of some 3,5-diacyl or 3,5-diester 1,4-dihydropyridines to corresponding pyridine derivatives using sodium bromate in the presence of nh4cl, nahso4 and bu4nhso4 under thermal conditions has been investigated. the yield and structure of formed products is similar under all conditions; however, the reaction is accelerated in the presence of bu4nhso4 and nahso4. in addition...

Microbial mats containing the filamentous anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aggregans develop at Nakabusa hot spring in Japan. Under anaerobic conditions in these mats, interspecies interaction between sulfate-reducing bacteria as sulfide producers and C. aggregans as a sulfide consumer has been proposed to constitute a sulfur cycle; however, the electron donor utilized for micro...

The molecular weight between entanglements (Me) for κ- and ι-carrageenans, sulfated galactans, was examined in concentrated solutions using an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate as a solvent. The dynamic viscoelasticity data for the solutions measured at different temperatures were overlapped according to the time-temperature superposition principle, and the obtained master curves...