There has been a large spike in longitudinal fMRI studies in recent years, and so it is essential that researchers carefully assess the limitations and challenges afforded by longitudinal designs. In this article, we provide an overview of important considerations for longitudinal fMRI research in developmental samples, including task design, sampling strategies, and group-level analyses. We fi...

Atherosclerosis: Methodological Considerations To the Editor: In contrast to several previously published studies,1–3 the one by Caligiuri et al4 failed to observe an accelerating effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection on atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. There are several critical differences in experimental design that likely account for these contrastin...

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This article is a review and critique of a number of methodological issues pertaining to investigations of information exchange and coordination between the cerebral hemispheres. The methods required to address issues of interhemispheric interaction are demonstrated to be distinct from those typically used in studies of lateralization of function. Methodology in this area is examined in referen...

The conventional elutriation method used for separating meiofauna and sediment yields insufficiently correct quantitative results. A critical evaluation of the physical background of this method leads to the construction of a differently shaped separation funnel and to improvements allowing better controlled, gradual variations in waterflow velocity and sieve mesh sizes. Comparative tests of th...

In this paper, we review and discuss ten common methodological mistakes found in retrospective chart reviews. The retrospective chart review is a widely applicable research methodology that can be used by healthcare disciplines as a means to direct subsequent prospective investigations. In many cases in this review, we have also provided suggestions or accessible resources that researchers can ...

There are many different aspects of musical similarity [7]. Some relate to acoustic properties, such as melodic [5], rhythmic [10], harmonic [9] and timbral [2]. Others are bound up in cultural aspects: artists involved in creation, year of first release, subject matter of lyrics, demographics of listeners, etc. In judgments about musical similarity, the relative importance of each of these asp...

This paper provides a short introduction to the various methods available for the analysis of the voice of dysphonic patients suffering from neurological disorders. Both auditory-perceptual ratings as well as conventional acoustic perturbation measures are of limited relevance to the specific characterization of patient groups. However, the addition of further techniques such as electroglottogr...

THE demonstration and descrip tion of effectiveness are principal concerns of every curriculum evaluation. The evalu ation designs constructed and used b> I'^e experimental curriculum developers to ac complish these purposes assume mony ^r,d varied modes. Examples of this variability are observable in the published literature describing experimental science curriculum projects such as the Ameri...