In recent years the popularity of biofuels has been transformed from a sustainable option for transportation to a questionable and criticized method. Many reports have therefore been produced to view biofuel production from a life cycle perspective; though results may be misleading. In a number of the reports, biofuel production is viewed in a linear manner, i.e. crops and energy in and biofuel...

The productive cellulosic crops switchgrass and Miscanthus are considered as viable biofuel sources. To meet the 2022 national biofuel target mandate, actions must be taken, e.g., maize cultivation must be intensified and expanded, and other biofuel crops (switchgrass and Miscanthus) must be cultivated. This raises questions on the use efficiencies of land and water; to date, the demand on thes...

Thin-film nanocrystalline zinc oxide electrodes were fabricated by electrochemical deposition of ZnO on FTO-coated glass slides. promoted CdO coating top in amounts corresponding to 0.8, 0.1, and 0.05 C cm−2 electric units. Modification a small amount CdO, cm−2, shifts the photoactivity composite photoanode into visible part solar spectrum. It is shown that ZnO/(0.05C)CdO/FTO electrode demonstr...

The rapid industrial and economic development runs on fossil fuel other energy sources. Limited oil reserves, environmental issues, high transportation costs lead towards carbon unbiased renewable sustainable fuel. Compared to carbon-based fuels, biodiesel is attracted worldwide as a biofuel for the reduction of global dependence fuels greenhouse effect. During production, approximately 10% gly...

Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthol on thin-film nanocrystalline hematite electrodes fabricated by electrochemical deposition promoted with spin-coated titanium has been studied. It is shown that the modification transforms it into material exhibiting high activity in photoelectrochemical process substrate upon illumination l...

The enzyme-based keypad lock was integrated with a biofuel cell yielding a self-powered biomolecular information security system. The correct "password" introduced into the keypad lock resulted in the activation of the biofuel cell, while all other "wrong" permutations of the enzyme inputs preserved the "OFF" state of the biofuel cell.

This study uses a geographically-explicit cost optimization model to analyze the impact of and interrelation between four cost reduction strategies for biofuel production: economies of scale, intermodal transport, integration with existing industries, and distributed supply chain configurations (i.e. supply chains with an intermediate pre-treatment step to reduce biomass transport cost). The mo...

A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofu...

Enzyme-based biofuel cells possess several positive attributes for energy conversion, including renewable catalysts, flexibility of fuels (including renewables), and the ability to operate at room temperature. However, enzyme-based biofuel cells remain limited by short lifetimes, low power densities and inefficient oxidation of fuels. Recent advances in biofuel cell technology have addressed th...

In this study, cooperation between Stockholm’s transport and district heating sectors is analysed. The cooperation concerns the integration of biofuel polygeneration production. A MODEST optimisation model framework is used, assuming various energy market and transport sector scenarios for the year 2030. The scenarios with biofuel production and increased biofuel use in the region are compared ...