In this paper I want to show why metaphor and metonymy are, on the one hand side, two distinct types of generating new meanings for existing expressions, and why, on the other hand, there are many cases which can either been viewed as metaphor or as metonymy, without the one way of understanding excluding the other. After having given a general characterization of metaphoric and metonymic conce...

studies in cognitive linguistics have highlighted the importance of metaphors for language teaching. metaphoric competence, as an important aspect of intelligence, can contribute to the learning of languages. most textbooks in esl/efl avoid the issue of figurative language and concentrate only on the denotative aspects of language. this article reports a study conducted at the islamic azad univ...

Pattern / Normalization Resources •1–4 digit years • “BC/AD” phrases Rules •several modifications and new rules • rules with explicit “BC/AD” phrases • rules without “BC/AD” phrases Normalization Strategies •calculations for relative and underspecified expressions •disambiguation of 2-digit years •expressions without “BC/AD” phrases ∗preliminary normalized to AD dates ∗ if explicit BC dates in ...

This paper reports research on temporal expressions. The analyzed phrases include a common temporal expression for a period of years reinforced by an adverb of time. We found that some of those phrases are age-related expressions. We analyzed samples obtained from the Internet for Spanish and French to determine appropriate annotations for marking up text and possible translations. We present t...

OBJECTIVE The effects of estrogen on comprehension of metaphoric speech, word fluency, and verbal ability were investigated in women suffering from schizophrenia. The issue of estrogen-dependent neuropsychological performance could be highly relevant because women with schizophrenia frequently suffer from hypoestrogenism. METHOD A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study using 17beta...

The research paper focuses on the lyrical, linguistic and literary style of Psalm 23. book Psalms in Bible is a recognised piece literature. David has written many Psalms, seventy-three are ascribed to him. Among these 23 worldly widely acknowledged as David’s most read recited one. Though have not Bible, they familiar with first verse “The LORD my shepherd; I shall want” (23:1). There much mor...

Idioms have long been regarded as problematic for L2 learners due to the arbitrariness of their meanings and forms. Traditional methods of teaching idioms focus on rote learning and memorization. Recent developments in cognitive linguistics research have considered idioms as analyzable expressions which are motivated by conceptual metaphors and whose meanings can derive from associations betwee...

This study examines the intersections of music, philosophy and the use of metaphors and other linguistic expressions relating to violence in the writings of Theodor W. Adorno. After discussing contemporary theories of metaphor, it examines Adorno's comparisons of the music of Schoenberg and Stravinsky in his 1948 volume Philosophie der neuen Musik, the posthumous collection of fragments for his...