PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate fracture strength of collarless metal-ceramic FPDs according to their metal coping designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four different facial margin design groups were investigated. Group A was a coping with a thin facial metal collar, group B was a collarless coping with its facial metal to the shoulder, group C was a collarless coping with its f...

Introduction: A primary goal of meteoritics is to determine the physical and chemical environments in the early solar system that led to the properties of planets and other solid bodies. Since metal is highly reac-tive in oxidizing and sulfidizing atmospheres, it and its corrosion scales can record the composition and conditions of any alteration fluid that interacted with it. Metal-troilite-ox...

We describe an in situ high pressure-temperature Raman technique for studying materials in laser-heated diamond anvil cells using a Nd:YLF laser s1053 nmd as the heating source and an ion laser as the Raman exciting source. Here we introduce the method of laser heating transparent samples using a metallic foil (Pt,Re, or W) as the laser absorber (internal heating furnace) in a diamond cell. The...