with regard to the relationship between the use of modality and readability levels oftexts, 2 opposing views have been raised. the first view endorses direct positiverelationship between modality and readability in the sense that the use of modalityincreases textual understandability. the second view is that the use of modality leadsto an increase in the number of words, resulting in readabilit...

Writing is one of the essential things that all students must do. In writing, delivery ideas needs to be arranged so writing easy understand and practical. One type when write a research article for their final project or thesis. Abstract crucial sections thesis because abstract contains an outline they did. abstracts, metadiscourse markers were possible aimed organize sequence ideas, attract r...

Metadiscourse is an important concept in the field of discourse analysis, but related studies have been confined to various genres written discourse. There little research on persuasive function metadiscourse speech. This paper adopts a data analysis method collect keynote speeches by Chinese President Xi Jinping at opening ceremonies 1th 4th China International Import Expo and Jinping’s New Ye...

This study aimed to investigate gender variations in letters of recommendation. It used the metadiscourse theory with respect following resources: hedges, boosters, attitude markers, engagement and self-mentions. The findings showed that hedges devices were least frequent both groups, but at same time more by males compared female recommenders. Boosters, on other hand, highly corpora and, like ...

this study investigated metadiscourse and its subcategories in english research articles (ras) written by nonnative (iranian) and native english writers from the two disciplines of applied linguistics and civil engineering. the study aimed at seeing whether language and discipline influenced the frequency of occurrence of metadiscourse elements in research articles. to this end, a sample of 120...

Novice academic writers, particularly Iranian graduate students (IGSs), upon entering an academic community, are hypothesized to face probable difficulties in practicing rhetorical expectations set by the experienced (EXP) members, hence, not being able to write in a way acceptable to these professionals. To explore the probable rhetorical distance between them, this study investigated the empl...