directed) edges in our representation enumerate only intra-variable value changes. Thus they are straightforward to represent in terms of the vertex abstraction mentioned above. An edge can optionally specify a synchrony constraint with it identifying a set of other edges that it is synchronous with. The constraint is a requirement that

The demand for higher data rates along with variable QOS and variable bandwidths has led to the remarkable advancements in the communication technology. To meet the above-listed objectives, whereas the TDMA and WDMA require complex protocols and extensive hardware, the CDMA systems are much simpler and very easily support the above-mentioned services. Since optical CDMA systems assigns unique c...

In this chapter, some real-life model problems that can be formulated as ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are introduced and numerically studied. These models are the variable-order fractional Hodgkin–Huxley model of neuronal excitation (VOFHHM) and other models with the variable-order fractional (VOF) time delay, such as the 4year life cycle of a population of lemmings model, the enzyme ...