STUDY QUESTION How are ovarian steroid concentrations, gonadotrophins and menstrual cycle characteristics inter-related within normal menstrual cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER Within cycles, measures of estradiol production are highly related to one another, as are measures of progesterone production; however, the two hormones also show some independence from one another, and measures of cycle length ...

PURPOSE Multiple trials by the World Health Organization have established levonorgestrel as the gold standard in hormonal emergency contraception (EC). However, changes in menstrual patterns following EC have been observed; thus, we undertook this prospective study to identify and determine the characteristics of these changes. MATERIALS Women requesting EC at either any of two hospitals --1 ...

Background: Endometriosis as one of the most common health problems of women during their reproductive age, affects 2.5-3.3% of women. Endometriosis may be asymptomatic or associated with dysmenorrheal symptoms, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. The objective of present study was to determine the risk factors related to endometriosis among Iranian infertile wo...

background & aim : a significant proportion of the women in reproductive ages suffer from problems such as menstrual irregularities. the aim of this study was to determine the association between menstrual cycle regularity and obesity-related anthropometric indices in students of kashan university of medical sciences in 2012. methods & materials : this cross-sectional descriptive study was cond...

background: mammographic density has been recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer,  but  the  association between  potential  effective factors and  mammographic density has not been fully studied in asian women. we conducted a study to investigate the association of mammographic breast   density with several menstrual and reproductive characteristics. m ethods: screening  mammography  wa...

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common complains and gynecological problem worldwide among young female girls. A cross sectional descriptive study was implemented on 188 nursing students at Assuit University, Egypt. The main aim was to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its impact on the quality of life, particularly absenteeism from college. Data were collected through self-s...

BACKGROUND Migraine is a common headache disorder that affects mostly women. In half of these, migraine is menstrually associated, and ranges from completely asymptomatic to frequent pain throughout pregnancy. METHODS The aim of the study was to define the pattern (frequency, intensity, analgesics use) of migrainous headaches among women with and without menstural migraine (MM) during pregnan...

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of menstrual cycle abnormalities among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on biochemical and anthropometric characteristics. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients 17-35 years of age with PCOS that attended the department of Gynecological Endocrinology of our hospital. Re...

background: most previous research has focused on polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) characteristics and their association with psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression. objective: in the present study, our aim was to study whether pcos characteristics are associated with several aspects of psychological well-being namely self-esteem and body satisfaction. materials and methods: th...

OBJECTIVE We examined the association between lifestyle factors and menstrual cycle characteristics among nulliparous Danish women aged 18-40 years who were participating in an Internet-based prospective cohort study of pregnancy planners. METHODS We used cross-sectional data collected at baseline to assess the association of age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol and caffeine...