Membrane BioReactor (MBR) in which membrane separation process is combined with biological processes is an efficient alternative for wastewater treatment and reuse. However, the major process problem with MBRs remains the membrane fouling due to the physicochemical interactions between the membrane material and the components in the mixed liquor. Along with the fouling, membrane permeability de...

To assist reaching net-zero emissions, the dissolved carbon in ocean can be extracted to enable an indirect air capture. An electrochemical bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) is a sustainable method for such The BPMED enables pH-swing that manipulates oceanic carbonate-equilibrium using electricity. However, at alkaline-pH, in-situ process suffers from inorganic fouling within stack, incr...

In this study, a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) was monitored over a period exceeding 6 months. Two common chemical cleaning modes, chemically enhanced backwash and clean in place, with sodium hypochlorite were monitored with respect to microorganism log removal value (LRV). Overall, impact to microorganism LRV for virus, bacteria and protozoa due to cleaning was negligible with respect t...

Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water has been regarded as a new sanitizer in recent years. Production of EO water needs only water and salt (sodium chloride). EO water have the following advantages over other traditional cleaning agents: effective disinfection, easy operation, relatively inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. The main advantage of EO water is its safety. EO water which is also...

Although chemical solutions are widely employed to clean membranes, they can also be responsible for changes in membrane properties. The two major drawbacks are then either the functional properties of the membrane gradually change, so the production can no longer meet requirements in terms of volume or quality, or the membrane simply breaks up (hollow fibers), and the system has to be shut dow...

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has the potential to produce clean, renewable energy from natural salinity gradients. However, membrane fouling can lead to diminished water flux productivity, thus reducing the extractable energy. This study investigates organic fouling and osmotic backwash cleaning in PRO and the resulting impact on projected power generation. Fabricated thin-film composite mem...

objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cleaning ability and instrumentation time of manual and rotary methods used for preparation of primary anterior teeth. materials and methods: forty-four primary anterior teeth were used in this experimental study. access cavities were prepared and india ink was injected into the canals. the samples were divided into three groups a...

The forward osmosis (FO) process was suggested as a pretreatment to multi-stage flashing (MSF) plant reduce the environmental impact of brine discharge and chemicals used. Yet, there is no study investigating performance FO MSF using tertiary sewage effluent (TSE) feed solution. Combining with TSE generates considerable permeation flux, reducing membrane area capital cost. This evaluated for in...

Membrane separation has been widely utilized to eliminate pollutants from wastewater. Among them, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane presented outstanding stability, and distinguished chemical thermal properties. However, UF membranes inevitably incur fouling issues during their operation procedure caused by contaminant adhesion on the surface, which would restrict operatio...

Causes for the increase of the pressure loss of fine bubble diffusers made of elastomers were investigated. Methods are described for removing clogging material from membrane diffusers and/or attenuating or even avoiding the formation of clogging deposits. On the basis of some practical examples the procedure is discussed and obtained reductions of pressure losses are specified.