[1] In this study, we use a numerical sea‐ice‐ocean model to examine what causes summertime upper ocean warming and sea ice melt during the 21st century in the Arctic Ocean. Our first question is, “What causes the ocean to warm in the Pacific Sector during the summer”?We find that about 80% of total heating over this region comes from ocean surface heat flux, with the remaining 20% originating ...

In the transition-zone water-filter hypothesis, (see main text), water is assumed essentially trapped within the transition zone because of dehydration melting of ambient upwelling at 410km and exsolution of water from slabs at 660km. The assumption that recycling of water is closed allows us to develop a simple theoretical model with which to predict various important parameters such as the me...

Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing (DED-AM) is transformative for the production of larger, geometrically complex metallic components. However, mechanical properties titanium alloy DED-AM components do not always reach their full potential due to microstructural features including porosity and regions lack fusion. Using in situ operando synchrotron X-ray imaging we gain insights ...

Abstract Recoil pressure is a critical factor affecting the melt pool dynamics during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. depresses pool. When recoil low, thermal conduction and capillary forces may be inadequate to provide proper fusion between layers. However, excessive can produce keyhole inside pool, which associated with gas porosity. Direct measurements are challenging because it lo...

Tabular dunites in the Josephine peridotite of southwestern Oregon represent conduits for melt extraction from the upper mantle. The amount of melt trapped within these channels during cooling and exhumation of the peridotite massif was calculated using a mass-balance approach. These calculations suggest that no more than 0·1^0·2 vol. % melt could have been trapped within these dunites after cr...

Introduction: Impact melts resulting from craterproducing impacts on asteroids can be used to understand the collisional evolution of our solar system. Part of that analysis includes an assessment of the cooling rates of the impact melts and/or the locations where the melts are deposited. In this study, we examined LAP 04751 [1], which is an impact melt breccia that came from the H-chondrite pa...

Hot-melt extrusion is one of the most widely applied processing technologies in the plastic, rubber and food industry. Today this technology has found its place in the array of pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. Melt extrusion process are currently applied in the pharmaceutical field for the manufacture of a variety of dosage forms and formulations such as granules, pellets, tablets, supp...

It has long been recognised that at elevated temperatures surface energy is the driving force for the distribution of melts and fluids among crystalline grains. While for ideal isotropic systems only two parameters, the dihedral angle (the ratio of grain boundary energy to solid-liquid surface energy) and the melt fraction are needed to completely constrain the melt distribution, anisotropic sy...