Understanding data variability and potential error sources is essential to a full understanding of experimental science. We propose a typology of error that considers not only the nature of the error, but also the phase in the experiment in which it occurs. We looked at secondand fourth-grade children’s understanding of error, their use of evidence in guiding this understanding, and the role of...

the most important and practical phase of analyzing the linguistic errors of second language learners is to find the solutions to decrease these errors. to that end, the present study examined translation strategy to decrease the number of grammatical and lexical errors of chinese language learners learning persian. twelve chinese language learners were asked to write a text in two stages. firs...

Automated grammatical error correction for language learners has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, especially after a number of shared tasks that have encouraged research in the area. Treating the problem as a translation task from 'incorrect' into 'correct' English using statistical machine translation has emerged as a state-of-the-art approach but it requires vast amounts of corre...

Privacy breaches and their regulatory implications have attracted corporate attention in recent times. An often overlooked cause of privacy breaches is human error. In this study, we first apply a model based on the widely accepted GEMS error typology to analyze publicly reported privacy breach incidents within the U.S. Then, based on an examination of the causes of the reported privacy breach ...

In spoken language translation, it is crucial that an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system produces outputs that can be adequately translated by a statistical machine translation (SMT) system. While word error rate (WER) is the standard metric of ASR quality, the assumption that each ASR error type is weighted equally is violated in a SMT system that relies on structured input. In this pap...