introduction: medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) is a rare thyroid cancer secreting calcitonin (ct) which is the most sensitive and specific tumor marker for mtc. this type of thyroid cancer is able to metastasize to different body areas including regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver and bone. the aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of [99mtc-dmsa (v)] whole body scan (...

The anatomical substrate and behavioral pharmacology of stimulation-produced analgesia resulting from electrical stimulation of the pontomesencephalic nucleus cuneiformis (NCF) was determined in the present study. Maximum increase in nociceptive tail-flick latencies following NCF stimulation occurred during the first 5 min post stimulation and decreased afterwards. The increased reflex latency ...

Objective: To describe a patient with a right-sided supranuclear facial palsy and concomitant sicca keratopathy of the right eye following right-sided dorsolateral medullary infarction. Methods: Our patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic and neurologic examination including biomicroscopy, fundus examination, cranial nerve examination, Shirmer I test, and magnetic resonance imaging of the b...

BACKGROUND Spinal transection or selective delivery of volatile anesthetics to the spinal cord reduces minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), whereas precollicular decerebration does not. The authors sought to determine which brainstem regions influence anesthetic requirements and movement responses with isoflurane. METHODS Movement (biceps femoris electromyogram) and MAC were measured in adul...

(i) In midcollicular decerebrate, unanaesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed cats, efferent phrenic discharge was recorded simultaneously with inspiratory unit and inspiratory wave activity in the rostral lateral medulla. Phrenic motoneurons tend to fire in synchronous bursts, as indicated by the occurrence of high frequency oscillation (60-110 per second; median oscillation period 13 ms) in the w...

abstract renal medullary carcinoma (rmc) is an uncommon aggressive neoplasm of the kidney. rmc is biologically aggressive with a very poor prognosis, and metastasis is seen in up to 95% of the patients at diagnosis or shortly thereafter. the common sites of metastasis are respectively lymph nodes, lungs, livers, and adrenal glands in order of frequency. the presence of poorly differentiated eos...

Although exogenous serotonin at the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN) activates the genioglossus muscle, endogenous serotonin plays a minimal role in modulating genioglossus activity in awake and sleeping rats (Sood S, Morrison JL, Liu H, and Horner RL. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172: 1338-1347, 2005). This result therefore implies that medullary raphe neurons also play a minimal role in the norma...

Intermittent electrical footshock induces c-fos expression in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing factor and in other visceromotor cell types of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH). Since catecholaminergic neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract and ventrolateral medulla make up the dominant loci of footshock-responsive cells that project to t...

Electrical stimulation of the waist area (W) of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in conscious rats elicits stereotypical oromotor behaviors (Galvin et al. 2004). To identify neurons possibly involved in these behavioral responses, we used Fos immunohistochemistry to locate populations of neurons within central gustatory and oromotor centers activated by PBN stimulation. Dramatic increases in the ...