1 Kontis V, Mathers CD, Rehm J, et al. Contribution of six risk factors to achieving the 25×25 non-communicable disease mortality reduction target: a modelling study. Lancet 2014; 384: 427–37. 2 WHO. Draft comprehensive global monitoring framework and targets for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Geneva; World Health Organization, 2013. http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_ fi...

have been met. He admires the hospitals, both plague and general, which he saw ; but is surprised that these have not all got water laid on, and that the water-carriage system of removal of excreta is not adopted. For the management of and teaching in the medical schools, he has a high admiration ; but remarks that " Bacteriology is treated in a markedly step-motherly way.'-5 Of the training of...

The BMJ was one of the first medical journals to seek declarations of competing interests from authors. Our focus is on financial competing interests as we believe these to be the most identifiable. We do, however, understand that competing interests come in many forms and we also routinely ask authors to declare relevant non-financial competing interests. The governing principle has been that ...

A ccording to some reports (1), the number of physicians involved in research in developing countries has decreased in recent years. This trend beckons stimulating the interest in medical research early in students' medical training, including those skills needed to publish and exercise ethical scientific conduct (2, 3). In Latin America, the last two decades has seen the emergence of student m...

B ackground to the debate: All of the major international medical journals are now available both in print and online. Being online increases the potential for these journals to have a more global distribution. With the rise of these online international journals, what functions do local journals serve? Only a few journals in the developing world have a long history of survival. Many are strugg...

introduction: self-citation is considered as one of the greatest shortcomings of citation analysis. although self-citation is natural for journals, its excessive use would eliminate the journal from evaluations made by databases. this study examined the rate of self-citation of iranian scientific medical journals in english indexed in scopus citation index during 2005-2009. methods: this descri...