Medical application of radiation began a few months after the discovery of X-rays by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen more than 100 years ago. The harmful biological effects of ionizing radiation became apparent shortly after its utilization. Since 1920, health professionals in contact with radiation have worn lead protective clothing to reduce the harmful effects of ionizing radiati...

The ultimate check of the actual dose delivered to a patient in radiotherapy can only be achieved by using in vivo dosimetry. This work reports a pilot study to test the applicability of a thermoluminescent dosimetric system for performing in vivo entrance dose measurements in external photon beam radiotherapy. The measurements demonstrated the value of thermoluminescent dosimetry as a treatmen...

The general-purpose Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNPX has been used to simulate photon transport and energy deposition in anthropomorphic phantoms due to the x-ray exposure from the Philips iCT 256 and Siemens Definition CT scanners, together with the previously studied General Electric 9800. The MCNPX code was compiled with the Intel FORTRAN compiler and run on a Linux PC cluster. A p...

BACKGROUND Medical workers can be exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation from various sources. The potential cancer risks associated with ionizing radiation exposure have been derived from cohort studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors who had experienced acute, high-level exposure. Since such extrapolations are subject to uncertainty, direct information is needed on the risk associated with ...

NIST developed the alanine dosimetry system in the early 1990s to replace radiochromic dye film dosimeters. Later in the decade the alanine system was firmly established as a transfer service for high-dose radiation dosimetry and an integral part of the internal calibration scheme supporting these services. Over the course of the last decade, routine monitoring of the system revealed a small bu...

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the effective dose record of occupationally exposed radiation workers at Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology department. Materials and Methods: Annual effective doses of occupationally exposed workers were measured by film badge dosimetry by sending the dosimeters to Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory (RDL), Pakistan Institute of Nuc...